Amphiphilic-Polymer-Assisted Hot Water Flooding toward Viscous Oil Mobilization

Liu, Zheyu; Mendiratta, Shruti; Chen, Xin; Zhang, Jian; Li, Yiqiang

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02272

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The plateau zone indicates the micelle formation, and the break point reported in the surface tension curve is said to be the cmc. The observed data reveal that, on enhancing the alkyl chain length, there is a decline in the cmc value. − This decrease is associated with the increased hydrophobic interactions among the long chain alkyls. The surface parameters of BG6 and BG12 are given in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and Interfacial Properties of Novel Benzimidazolium Based Gemini Surfactants and Their Binding with Crocin

Wani

Ahmad

Patel

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The novel cationic benzimidazolium based gemini surfactants BG6 and BG12 with dissimilar alkyl chain lengths were synthesized and characterized. Their surface-active parameters viz, critical micelle concentration (cmc), minimum area per molecule (A min ), maximum surface excess concentration (Γ max ), packing parameter (P), etc., were evaluated by utilizing the surface tension. The observed cmc of BG12 is lower as compared to BG6, suggesting that BG12 has more surface activity than BG6. The standard Gibbs free energy of micellization (ΔG°m) comes out to be negative, which suggests that the micellization process is spontaneous and becomes more favorable with an increase of the temperature. Besides this, the effective diffusion coefficients (D) at shorter times as well as for longer times have been evaluated by employing the Ward and Tordai equation. The UV−visible and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were employed to determine the binding constant of BG8 and BG10 with crocin. Also, the cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques were used to study various electrochemical parameters of crocin in the presence of BG surfactants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and Interfacial Properties of Novel Benzimidazolium Based Gemini Surfactants and Their Binding with Crocin

Wani

Ahmad

Patel

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Polymeric surfactant forms a stable oil in water emulsion, reducing the viscosity of crude oil; the low IFT between polymeric surfactant and heavy oil can obtain a higher capillary number and lower residual oil saturation. − A Hassler-type core holder was used to carry out heavy oil hot water flooding, as well as an epoxy resin bonded core with a diameter of 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm × 30 cm; moreover, a relative permeability to water of 1080 mD, a porosity of 26.08%, and an initial oil saturation of 70.7% were used, as shown in Figure . As shown in Figure , oil recovery of 50 °C low-salinity (LS) water flooding is 62.16% OOIP, LS-hot water flooding at 110 °C is increased by 4.87% OOIP, and SB-polymer-assisted hot water flooding and posthot water flooding at 110 °C is 19.46% OOIP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Novel Star-Like Branched-Chain Acrylamide (AM)-Sodium Styrene Sulfonate (SSS) Copolymers for Heavy Oil Emulsion Viscosity Reduction and Its Potential Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Zhao,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Injecting water with chemicals to generate emulsions in the reservoir is a promising method for enhancing heavy oil recovery because oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions significantly reduce oil viscosity. To enhance heavy oil recovery efficiency, we developed new star-like branched AM-SSS copolymers (SB-PAMs) with reduction in the viscosity of the heavy oil emulsion, which was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) controlled radical polymerization. The core structure of the branched polymer was RAFT polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and N,N′-methylene bis-acrylamide (BisAM), in the presence of 3-(((benzylthio)carbonothioyl)thio)propanoic acid as a chain transfer agent, followed by chain extension with AM and SSS. The core structures were achieved by incorporation of total monomer ratios [BisAM]/[AM] of 1:11. The expansion of the core structures by copolymerization of AM and SSS resulted in star-like branched polymer SB-PAM-co-SSS with apparent molecular weights ranging from 240 to 2381 kDa. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the synthesized polymer structure. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polydispersity coefficient was between 1 and 7, which has a broad molecular weight distribution. The polymer dissolves only 0.75 h in deionized water, faster than conventional polyacrylamide. At 50 °C, the viscosity of the 1000 mg/L SB-polymer solution can reach up to 45 mPa·s. First, heavy oil viscosity reduction by 800 mg/L SB polymer can reach 91.7%, at a water dehydration rate of 90.4%; second, with 0.6 PV injection, 800 mg/L SB polymer improved oil recovery up to 23.66% after water flooding; and third, SB-polymer-assisted hot water flooding shows that heavy oil recovery improved by 19.46% at 110 °C with 0.6 pore volume (PV) SB-polymer injection. This novel branched chain polymer with heavy oil emulsion capability will shed light on high-temperature polymer flooding and the development of a new candidate structure for heavy oil viscosity reduction.

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“…According to the literature on the heavy-oil viscosity reduction in the past years, ,,, polyacrylamide (PAM) was chosen as the skeleton modified with different groups to analyze the effect both horizontally and vertically. The molecular structures of the nine fragments are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it was found that emulsification viscosity reducers mostly focus on amphiphilic polymers, , which have both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups, also called surfactants. We designed the amphiphilic polymer to reduce the oil viscosity based on two points: one is to form the O/W emulsion and the other is to break the strong interaction among aromatic rings, which is mainly governed by the π–π effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Design of the Amphiphilic Polymer as a Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Crude Oil: From Mesoscopic to Atomic Scale

Xue

Zhang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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The use of an appropriate viscosity reducer is the key during the process of heavy crude oil exploitation. To design a new amphiphilic polymer as an efficient viscosity reducer, we combined the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation and allatom simulation in this work to reveal the viscosity reduction mechanism. Nine primary polymers were added into the oil−water system, in which the oil−water volume ratio was 4:1, by comparing the mean-square displacement (MSD) of asphaltene, aggregation ratio, the oil−water interfacial tension value, and the effects of nitrogen type, benzene ring morphology, and the alkyl side-chain length of the polymers on the properties of the system. The interaction mechanism was further revealed by analyzing the interaction energy between the asphaltene and the polymer molecules at the atomic scale. Finally, three kinds of polymers, P12, P22, and P31, which used polyacrylamide as a skeleton and were modified by pyrrolidone, a naphthalene ring, and the alkyl side chain without a −CH 2 group, respectively, were selected to design a new amphiphilic polymer as a viscosity reducer. This work combined the advantages of the mesoscopic and atomic simulation methods to design the amphiphilic polymer, shedding light on the development of the novel heavy-oil viscosity reducer.

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Amphiphilic-Polymer-Assisted Hot Water Flooding toward Viscous Oil Mobilization

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Synthesis and Interfacial Properties of Novel Benzimidazolium Based Gemini Surfactants and Their Binding with Crocin

Synthesis and Interfacial Properties of Novel Benzimidazolium Based Gemini Surfactants and Their Binding with Crocin

Development of Novel Star-Like Branched-Chain Acrylamide (AM)-Sodium Styrene Sulfonate (SSS) Copolymers for Heavy Oil Emulsion Viscosity Reduction and Its Potential Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Molecular Design of the Amphiphilic Polymer as a Viscosity Reducer for Heavy Crude Oil: From Mesoscopic to Atomic Scale

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