Amphiphilic ionic liquid induced fusion of phospholipid liposomes

Abstract

We have investigated the impact of increasing concentrations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids ([CnMIM]+[Br]-) on the structural integrity of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) made of pure phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)...

Cytotoxicity and Membrane Permeability of Double-Chained 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Cations in Ionic Liquids

“…The unexpected reduction in its ability to induce dye leakage at concentrations 0.3–0.5 mM (in POPC) and 0.4–0.6 mM (in POPG) is possibly due to formation of bigger and stable vesicles as seen in DLS and electron microscopy measurements (Figures S4 and S5). At high concentrations, imidazolium-based single-chained cations have been shown to induce membrane fusion in both POPC and POPG LUVs, resulting in formation of nonleaky fused vesicles . Increasing the concentration any further results in dissolution of the fused vesicles in the form of mixed ionic liquid-lipid micelles initiating dye leakage once again.…”

“…At high concentrations, imidazolium-based single-chained cations have been shown to induce membrane fusion in both POPC and POPG LUVs, resulting in formation of nonleaky fused vesicles. 48 Increasing the concentration any further results in dissolution of the fused vesicles in the form of mixed ionic liquid-lipid micelles initiating dye leakage once again. In comparison, its double-chained counterpart [C 8 C 8 IM][Br] is not capable of inducing membrane fusion in the studied concentration range.…”

Impact of Lipid Ratio on the Permeability of Mixed Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylglycerol Membranes in the Presence of 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid

“…Several experimental − ,− and computational − studies have been performed to understand the interaction of amphiphilic cations with cell membranes using phospholipid bilayers as model systems. Owing to their surface-active nature, the amphiphilic cations rapidly partition into the lipid bilayer resulting in its permeabilization, − , swelling, fusion, ,, and disintegration , in a detergent-like fashion.…”

“…Several experimental − ,− and computational − studies have been performed to understand the interaction of amphiphilic cations with cell membranes using phospholipid bilayers as model systems. Owing to their surface-active nature, the amphiphilic cations rapidly partition into the lipid bilayer resulting in its permeabilization, − , swelling, fusion, ,, and disintegration , in a detergent-like fashion. The mechanistic details of the interaction can vary depending on the length and number of the alkyl chains, the structure of head-group, and the type of counterion. , Experimental techniques of neutron reflectometry, small-angle X-ray scattering, , and solid-state NMR ,, have played a crucial role in revealing these details.…”

Thermodynamical Origin of Nonmonotonic Inserting Behavior of Imidazole Ionic Liquids into the Lipid Bilayer

“…To clarify the structure and behavior of the ILs–cell membrane system, where the lipid bilayer is always used as the model system, plenty of experimental and theoretical studies have been performed. − Kumari et al displayed that ILs can reduce the elasticity and penetration of lipid bilayer and further enhance cell mobility. Guo et al experimentally measured the phase-transition temperature of a lipid bilayer with different imidazolium-based ILs.…”