Amphiphilic di-cationic methylene blue for improving antibacterial photodynamic efficiency through high accumulation and low aggregation on bacterial cell surfaces

Zhang, Hao; Xu, Lixian; Gu, Xiaoxiao; Yu, Dinghua; Li, Shuang

doi:10.1039/d2ra06484g

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…2.2.7 The cellular bioaccumulation of photosensitizers. The bioaccumulation of free TB and conjugated SL-TB into P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were measured according to our previous reports 29 with minor modication. Specically, the bacteria suspension (CFU 10 11 cells per mL) was rstly incubated with free or conjugated TB (400 mM) for 1 h at room temperature away from light.…”

Section: 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sophorolipid-toluidine blue conjugates for improved antibacterial photodynamic therapy through high accumulation

Yuan

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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Section: 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sophorolipid-toluidine blue conjugates for improved antibacterial photodynamic therapy through high accumulation

Yuan

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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“…In addition to being effective against a broad range of microorganisms, aPDT also has several advantages, including high selectivity with rapid action as compared to conventional antimicrobial drugs; resistance is improbable; it has the efficacy to eliminate biofilm; and it is relatively cost-effective (Rezaie et al 2018 ; Lan et al 2019 ; Negri et al 2023 ). In aPDT, the ground-state non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) is activated by a specific range of light irradiation, which transfers energy to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generates toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) that eliminates all drug-resistant bacteria by the oxidation process (Ishiwata et al 2021 ; Zhang et al 2022 ). Many photosensitizers, including phenothiazines, curcumin, hematoporphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine, xanthene, and chlorins, have been studied in recent years to improve the efficiency of aPDT (Figueiredo-godoi et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro study: methylene blue-based antibacterial photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Zada,

Anwar,

Imtiaz

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most antibiotic-resistant and opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised and debilitated patients. It is considered the cause of most severe skin infections and is frequently found in hospital burn units. Due to its high antibiotic resistance, eliminating P. aeruginosa from skin infections is quite challenging. Therefore, this study aims to assess the novel in vitro antibacterial activity of methylene blue using a 635-nm diode laser to determine the effective power and energy densities for inhibition of P. aeruginosa. The strain was treated with various concentrations of methylene blue and 635-nm diode laser at powers of 300 mW/cm2 and 250 mW/cm2. The diode laser’s potency in the photo-destruction of methylene blue and its degradation through P. aeruginosa were also evaluated. Colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml, fluorescence spectroscopy, optical density, and confocal microscopy were used to measure the bacterial killing effect. As a result, the significant decrease of P. aeruginosa was 2.15-log10, 2.71-log10, and 3.48-log10 at 60, 75, and 90 J/cm2 after excitation of MB for 240, 300, and 360 s at a power of 250 mW/cm2, respectively. However, a maximum decrease in CFU was observed by 2.54-log10 at 72 J/cm2 and 4.32-log10 at 90 and 108 J/cm2 after 300 mW/cm2 of irradiation. Fluorescence images confirmed the elimination of bacteria and showed a high degree of photo-destruction compared to treatment with methylene blue and light alone. In conclusion, MB-induced aPDT demonstrated high efficacy, which could be a potential approach against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Key points • Combination of methylene blue with 635-nm diode laser for antibacterial activity. • Methylene blue photosensitizer is employed as an alternative to antibiotics. • aPDT showed promising antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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“…In other words, cheap diode lasers can be used to activate it. Additional research is required to develop MB-mediated A-PDT protocols that specifically focus on effective treatment outcomes and managing infection in various oral conditions such as chronic periodontitis ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the potency of laser-activated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing methylene blue as a treatment approach for chronic periodontitis

Karuppan Perumal,

Rajan Renuka,

Manickam Natarajan

2024

Front. Oral. Health

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Chronic periodontitis is a ubiquitous inflammatory disease in dental healthcare that is challenging to treat due to its impact on bone and tooth loss. Conventional mechanical debridement has been challenging in eliminating complex subgingival biofilms. Hence, adjunctive approaches like low-level laser antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT) utilising methylene blue (MB) have been emerging approaches in recent times. This review evaluates the latest research on the use of MB-mediated A-PDT to decrease microbial count and enhance clinical results in chronic periodontitis. Studies have shown the interaction between laser light and MB generates a phototoxic effect thereby, eliminating pathogenic bacteria within periodontal pockets. Moreover, numerous clinical trials have shown that A-PDT using MB can reduce probing depths, improve clinical attachment levels, and decrease bleeding during probing in comparison to traditional treatment approaches. Notably, A-PDT shows superior antibiotic resistance compared to conventional antibiotic treatments. In conclusion, the A-PDT using MB shows promise as an adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis. Additional research is required to standardize treatment protocols and assess long-term outcomes of A-PDT with MB in the treatment of periodontitis.

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Amphiphilic di-cationic methylene blue for improving antibacterial photodynamic efficiency through high accumulation and low aggregation on bacterial cell surfaces

Abstract: Amphiphilic di-cationic photosensitizers C12-MB could accumulate over bacterial cells with lower aggregation due to planar stack possibility inhibition, which could enhance anti-bacterial photodynamic efficiency.

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Sophorolipid-toluidine blue conjugates for improved antibacterial photodynamic therapy through high accumulation

Sophorolipid-toluidine blue conjugates for improved antibacterial photodynamic therapy through high accumulation

In vitro study: methylene blue-based antibacterial photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Evaluating the potency of laser-activated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy utilizing methylene blue as a treatment approach for chronic periodontitis

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