Amphibian virology

Johnson, April J.; Wellehan, James F.X.

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2004.09.001

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, the frog EIV has not been sequenced or isolated in cell culture. 16 The mechanism of cellular death in cells infected with EIVs has not been definitively determined. 10 Increased osmotic fragility of infected erythrocytes and lytic viral infection have been demonstrated in some fish and amphibian infections, and has also been suspected in reptiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraerythrocytic iridovirus in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Three adult central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) originating from a commercial breeding facility presented with clinical signs, including anorexia, dehydration, white multifocal lesions on the dorsal aspect of the tongue, blepharospasm, and weight loss. In 1 of 3 lizards, a marked regenerative anemia was noted, and all 3 bearded dragons had erythrocytic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Nine bearded dragons housed in contact also had identical, but fewer intraerythrocytic inclusions. Inclusion bodies examined by electron microscopy had particles consistent with iridoviruses. Attempts to culture the virus were unsuccessful; however, amplification and sequencing of regions of the viral DNA polymerase by polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of an iridovirus. One of the bearded dragons died, while the 2 others showing clinical signs were euthanized. The remaining 9 infected bearded dragons of the teaching colony were also euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed a moderate, multifocal, lymphoplasmacytic or mononuclear adenitis of the tongue in the 3 bearded dragons, and a lymphohistiocytic hepatitis with bacterial granulomas in 2 lizards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraerythrocytic iridovirus in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

et al. 2014

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“…Amphibians mainly live in or near water or wet land and are constantly confronted by infectious microbes, including enveloped viruses such as herpesviruses and ranaviruses (26). In this study, we used infection by the enveloped virus HSV type 1 (HSV-1) as a model to investigate the antiviral role of bg-CAT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Aerolysin-like Pore-Forming Protein Complex Targets Viral Envelope to Inactivate Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Liu

Deng

Duan

et al. 2021

The Journal of Immunology

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Because most of animal viruses are enveloped, cytoplasmic entry of these viruses via fusion with cellular membrane initiates their invasion. However, the strategies in which host cells counteract cytoplasmic entry of such viruses are incompletely understood. Pore-forming toxin aerolysin-like proteins (ALPs) exist throughout the animal kingdom, but their functions are mostly unknown. In this study, we report that bg-crystallin fused aerolysin-like protein and trefoil factor complex (bg-CAT), an ALP and trefoil factor complex from the frog Bombina maxima, directly blocks enveloped virus invasion by interfering with cytoplasmic entry. bg-CAT targeted acidic glycosphingolipids on the HSV type 1 (HSV-1) envelope to induce pore formation, as indicated by the oligomer formation of protein and potassium and calcium ion efflux. Meanwhile, bg-CAT formed ring-like oligomers of ~10 nm in diameter on the liposomes and induced dye release from liposomes that mimic viral envelope. Unexpectedly, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the bg-CATtreated HSV-1 was visibly as intact as the vehicle-treated HSV-1, indicating that bg-CAT did not lyse the viral envelope. However, the cytoplasmic entry of the bg-CATtreated HSV-1 into HeLa cells was totally hindered. In vivo, topical application of bg-CAT attenuated the HSV-1 corneal infection in mice. Collectively, these results uncovered that bg-CAT possesses the capacity to counteract enveloped virus invasion with its featured antiviral-acting manner. Our findings will also largely help to illustrate the putative antiviral activity of animal ALPs.

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“…Fungal cultures 24,25 Tissue sections can be placed directly onto fungal culture media Sabouraud dextrose agar media is a good choice for most fungal isolates Culture at room temperature 5. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of skin swabs [26][27][28][29] Consult laboratory for availability; verification of positive results; type of PCR (conventional, Taqman, real-time, and so forth); use of negative and positive…”

Section: Clinical Approach To Dermatologic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Approach to Dermatologic Disease in Exotic Animals

Palmeiro

Roberts

2013

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

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Skin disease is an extremely common presenting complaint to the exotic animal practitioner. A systematic diagnostic approach is necessary in these cases to achieve a diagnosis and formulate an effective treatment plan. In all exotic species, husbandry plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous disease, so a thorough evaluation of the husbandry is critical for successful management. The clinical approach to skin disease in exotic animal patients is reviewed with specific focus on structure and function of the skin, diagnostic testing, and differential diagnoses for commonly encountered cutaneous diseases.

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Amphibian virology

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Intraerythrocytic iridovirus in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

Intraerythrocytic iridovirus in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

An Aerolysin-like Pore-Forming Protein Complex Targets Viral Envelope to Inactivate Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Clinical Approach to Dermatologic Disease in Exotic Animals

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