Amphetamine‐induced movement disorder

Downes, Michael A.; Whyte, Ian M.

doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2005.00735.x

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similar to other dyskinesias, symptoms disappear while patients sleep. 68 Although in some patients dopamine antagonists and benzodiazepines have been found to relieve symptoms, 69,91,95 in others they have had no benefit. 68 Not limited to amphetamines, choreoathetoid movements have also been reported with other stimulants, including cocaine (known as crack dancing).…”

Section: Choreoathetoid Movements and Dyskinesiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Methamphetamine Abuse

Rusyniak

2013

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

106

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COMMENTARY ON METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSE FOR PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE Every decade seems to have its own unique drug problem. The 1970s had hallucinogens, the 1980s had crack cocaine, the 1990s had designer drugs, the 2000s had methamphetamine (Meth), and in the 2010s we are dealing with the scourge of prescription drug abuse. While each of these drug epidemics has distinctive problems and history, the one with perhaps the greatest impact on the practice of Psychiatry is Meth. By increasing the extracellular concentrations of dopamine while slowly damaging the dopaminergic neurotransmission, Meth is a powerfully addictive drug whose chronic use preferentially causes psychiatric complications. Chronic Meth users have deficits in memory and executive functioning as well as higher rates of anxiety, depression, and most notably psychosis. It is because of addiction and chronic psychosis from Meth abuse that the Meth user is most likely to come to the attention of the practicing Psychiatrist/Psychologist. Understanding the chronic neurologic manifestations of Meth abuse will better arm practitioners with the diagnostic and therapeutic tools needed to make the Meth epidemic one of historical interest only.

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Section: Choreoathetoid Movements and Dyskinesiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Methamphetamine Abuse

Rusyniak

2013

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

106

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“…Like other dyskinesias, symptoms disappear while patients sleep. 68 Although in some patients dopamine antagonists and benzodiazepines have been found to relieve symptoms, 69,91,95 in others they have had no benefit. 68 Not limited to amphetamines, choreoathetoid movements have also been reported with other stimulants including cocaine (known as “crack dancing”).…”

Section: Choreoathetoid Movements and Dyskinesiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Methamphetamine Abuse

Rusyniak

2011

Neurologic Clinics

116

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Summary Chronic methamphetamine abuse has devastating effects on the central nervous system. The degree to which addicts will tolerate the dysfunction in the way they think, feel, move, and even look, is a powerful testimony to the addictive properties of this drug. While the mechanisms behind these disorders are complex, at their heart they involve the recurring increase in the concentrations of central monoamines with subsequent dysfunction in dopaminergic neurotransmission. The mainstay of treatment for the problems associated with chronic methamphetamine abuse is abstinence. However, by recognizing the manifestations of chronic abuse, clinicians will be better able to help their patients get treatment for their addiction and to deal with the neurologic complications related to chronic abuse.

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“…These drugs cause acute, excess accumulation of primarily dopamine by disrupting synaptic vesicles, inhibiting monoamine oxidase, and/or blocking or reversing vesicular monoamine transporters and dopamine reuptake transporters [32], [33], [34], [35]. However, few studies have examined the association between use of these drugs and movement, although new cases of dystonia and tic disorders have been attributed to cocaine use [11] and choreiform syndrome has been associated with amphetamine use [12], [13]. Abstinent methamphetamine users also exhibit poorer motor performance on timed gait and grooved pegboard tasks [8], [9] and epidemiological data suggests an increased risk (hazard ratio = 2.65) of developing Parkinson’s disease later in life [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, poor performance on timed gait and grooved pegboard tasks has been reported in abstinent methamphetamine [8], [9] and ecstasy users [10]. Furthermore, new diagnosed cases of dystonia, tic disorders, and choreiform syndrome have been attributed to cocaine use [11], [12], [13] and exacerbation of symptoms in pre-existing movement disorders has been noted with cocaine use in Tourette syndrome, essential tremor, tardive dystonia, and idiopathic dystonia [11], [14], [15], [16], [17]. Abnormal tremor could be a marker for abnormalities in motor circuitry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit Stimulant Use in Humans Is Associated with a Long-Term Increase in Tremor

et al. 2012

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Use of illicit stimulants such as methamphetamine, cocaine, and ecstasy is a significant health problem. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimates that 14–57 million people use stimulants each year. Chronic use of illicit stimulants can cause neurotoxicity in animals and humans but the long-term functional consequences are not well understood. Stimulant users self-report problems with tremor whilst abstinent. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the long-term effect of stimulant use on human tremor during rest and movement. We hypothesized that individuals with a history of stimulant use would exhibit abnormally large tremor during rest and movement. Tremor was assessed in abstinent ecstasy users (n = 9; 22±3 yrs) and abstinent users of amphetamine-like drugs (n = 7; 33±9 yrs) and in two control groups: non-drug users (n = 23; 27±8 yrs) and cannabis users (n = 12; 24±7 yrs). Tremor was measured with an accelerometer attached to the index finger at rest (30 s) and during flexion and extension of the index finger (30 s). Acceleration traces were analyzed with fast-Fourier transform. During movement, tremor amplitude was significantly greater in ecstasy users than in non-drug users (frequency range 3.9–13.3 Hz; P<0.05), but was unaffected in cannabis users or users of amphetamine-like drugs. The peak frequency of tremor did not significantly differ between groups nor did resting tremor. In conclusion, abstinent ecstasy users exhibit an abnormally large tremor during movement. Further work is required to determine if the abnormality translates to increased risk of movement disorders in this population.

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Amphetamine‐induced movement disorder

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Methamphetamine Abuse

Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Methamphetamine Abuse

Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Methamphetamine Abuse

Illicit Stimulant Use in Humans Is Associated with a Long-Term Increase in Tremor

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