Science tries to explain phenomena in ways that are demonstrable and replicable to develop logical, coherent, parsimonious, and predictive theoretical systems. Yet hyperactive children are given stimulants to " calm " them down, despite the fact that science would predict stimulants would increase hyperactivity. Bradley (1937Bradley ( , 1950 observed that half of the behaviorproblem children to whom he administered a stimulant for one week became subdued. He called this fi nding paradoxical, speculating that inhibitory centers of the central nervous system were stimulated. While Bradley ' s assertion of a paradoxical reverse effect in children may be an empirical observation, it is not an explanation. The Attention Defi cit / Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is inferred to exist from hyperactive behavior, which in turn, is inferred to be neurological in origin, a circular argument. An inevitable consequence of the belief in the hypothetical neurological etiology of ADHD is that children are typically given stimulants. Using the case of a seven-year old child, described as experiencing ADHD, who was treated successfully without medication as an illustration, the author provides an alternative, more parsimonious explanation of the etiology, suggesting that ADHD is related to agitated depression.
KEY WORDS:Attention Defi cit / Hyperactive Disorder ; Agitated Depression / Sadness ; Child Psychotherapy of ADHD . DOI: 10.1057DOI: 10. /ajp.2008
WHAT IS THE ETIOLOGY OF HYPERACTIVITY IN CHILDREN?Science persistently looks for explanations that can be demonstrated and repeated in order to develop logical, coherent, parsimonious, and predictive theoretical systems. Yet, when we look at children who exhibit hyperactive Burton Norman Seitler, Ph.D., is a psychoanalyst / clinical psychologist in private practice.