Amperometric screen-printed biosensor arrays with co-immobilised oxidoreductases and cholinesterases

Biosensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring

“…Lower limits of detection for pesticides were achieved in the steady state system: carbaryl 26 nmol/L, heptenophos 14 nmol/L and fenitrothion 0.58 nmol/L. Similar multi-enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor arrays for the determination of pesticides [49][50][51][52] and phenols [53] have been reported by other workers.…”

Biosensors based on cholinesterase inhibition for insecticides, nerve agents and aflatoxin B1 detection (review)

“…In the latter case, this type of biosensor is called "biosensor based on enzyme inhibition". The first biosensor based on cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition for detection of nerve agents was developed by G.Guilbaut in 1962 [1] and from this one, a lot of ChE biosensors were developed for several compounds such as heavy metals [2,3], organophosphorus and carbammic insecticides [4][5][6][7][8], toxins [9,10], glycoalkaloids [11,12], drugs [13][14][15], fluoride [16,17], cocaine [18,19] and nicotine [20,21]. In details, during the last 9 years more than 100 papers were published on the ChE biosensors.…”

New Developments in Electrochemical Sensors Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Modified Electrodes

“…The modification of interdigitated microelectrodes with conducting polymers allowed the preparation of new miniaturized pH electrochemical sensors [103][104][105][106]. Other microelectrodes arrays modified with inorganic films [107], organic polymers [108], inorganic-organic composite materials [109], and enzymes [110] were recently reported. Despite the benefits of the microelectrodes arrays, the modification of these devices with composite organic-inorganic materials has not been fully investigated.…”