Amperometric determination of xanthine in fish meat by zinc oxide nanoparticle/chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite film bound xanthine oxidase

Abstract

Xanthine oxidase (XOD) was immobilized on a composite film of zinc oxide nanoparticle/chitosan/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (ZnO-NP/CHIT/c-MWCNT/PANI) electrodeposited over the surface of a platinum (Pt) electrode. A xanthine biosensor was fabricated using XOD/ZnO-NP/CHIT/c-MWCNT/PANI/Pt as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt wire as auxiliary electrode connected through a potentiostat. The ZnO-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the enzyme electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The biosensor showed optimum response within 4 s at 0.5 V potential, pH 7.0, 35 °C and linear range 0.1-100 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. The enzyme electrode was employed for determination of xanthine in fish meat during storage. The electrode lost 30% of its initial activity after 80 uses over one month, when stored at 4 °C.

One-pot synthesis of an RGO/ZnO nanocomposite on zinc foil and its excellent performance for the nonenzymatic sensing of xanthine

“…ZnO-NPs/polypyrrole [18] composite film and ZnO-NP/CHIT/c-MWCNT/PANI [19] composite film on a platinum electrode, while Ozturk et al [20] developed a xanthine sensor, based on Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles immobilized by an XOD-modified carbon paste, and Reza et al [21] fabricated an XOx/Mn 3 O 4 -Cn/ITO biosensor for xanthine detection. However, XOD-based biosensors face a number of challenges, such as poor stability and reusability, slow electron transfer and complex immobilization [17], and so it would therefore be desirable to produce an efficient nonenzymatic xanthine sensor.…”

Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on ZnO Modified Gold Electrode

“…Most of them were devoted to the determination of enzyme substrates, i.e. glucose [21][22][23][24], cholesterol [25][26][27], xanthine [28], acetylthiocholine [29,30] and phenolic compounds [31]. These biosensors exhibited extended linearity of the signal and improved stability, which can be related to the gentle immobilization conditions and electron transduction within the surface layer.…”

A colorimetric method for the determination of xanthine based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles

“…Meanwhile, xanthine is also an important biomarker in the food industries [7]. Nowadays, based on the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) according to the xanthine oxidase (XOD) catalyzed reaction, the detection of xanthine has been developed generally based on the electrochemical method [8][9][10][11]. Although these methods make great contributions to xanthine detection, most of them are suffer from cumbersome, time consuming, and complicated laboratory procedures.…”