Amperometric Determination of Catecholamines by Enzymatic Biosensors in Flow Systems

Abstract

Four various biosensors based on flow enzymatic mini‐reactors containing one of the two different mesoporous silica powders (SBA‐15 or MCM‐41) modified by one of the two enzymes (laccase or tyrosinase) were used for the determination of L‐DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Dependences of peak currents on detection potentials, flow rates, injected volumes, reactor volumes, and analyte concentrations were studied and optimized. The silica powder of MCM‐41 with covalently bonded laccase (Lac) was found to be the best filling for the detection of catecholamines. Relative current response of such biosensor was: 100 % for dopamine, 32.1 % for L‐DOPA, 26.2 % for noradrenaline, and 0.71 % for adrenaline. Statistical evaluation of parallel determinations of studied analytes with this biosensor proved its good accuracy (RSD=1.82–5.18 %) and sensitivity (5.46–15.5 μmol L−1). Life time of the studied biosensors is several months. The practical applicability of Lac‐MCM41 biosensor was successfully verified by the determination of dopamine and noradrenaline in medical solutions for infusions.

Amperometric Biosensor Based on Enzymatic Reactor for Choline Determination in Flow Systems

“…However, it is recommended to use injection volume 120 μL if higher sensitivity is required. This behavior is similar to our previous results for other enzymatic systems using FIA [37,47].…”

“…A number of our previously developed flow amperometric biosensors with the enzymatic reactors for the determination of glucose , ascorbic acid , and catecholamines have been reported proving practical applicability of this approach. The preference has been given to the covalent immobilization of the enzymes (resulting in the long‐term stability of the biosensors) on mesoporous silica powders or porous amalgam powder used as reactor fillings.…”

Biosensing Dopamine and L-Epinephrine with Laccase (Trametes pubescens) Immobilized on a Gold Modified Electrode

“…A brief comparison of the LOD values for some recently reported biosensors for dopamine (and L-epinephrine) assay is given in Table 3 . Surprisingly, the laccase biosensor under study shows LOD values considerably lower [ 36 ] than those achieved using electrochemical techniques with forced hydrodynamics (flow-injection analysis, FIA), and comparable values to those achieved with such a highly sensitive pulsed electrochemical technique as square-wave voltammetry (SWV) [ 39 , 45 ].…”

“…Electrochemical biosensors offer a range of advantages over these techniques, such as selectivity, sensitivity and low limits of detection as demonstrated by Alvarez and Ferapontova [ 32 ] with their RNA-based dopamine aptasensor showing sub-micromolar detection limit. Furthermore, a variety of enzyme-based catecholamine biosensors employing monoamine oxidase [ 33 ], cellobiose dehydrogenase [ 34 ], PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase [ 35 ] and polyphenol oxidases [ 36 ] have been reported recently.…”

Enhancement of Dopamine Electrochemical Detection with Manganese Doped Crystalline Copper Oxide

“…Alvarez and Ferapontova [33] developed an RNA-based dopamine aptasensor, which has a sub-micromolar detection limit. In addition, recent reports have shown the development of different catecholamine biosensors using enzymes such as PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase [34] and polyphenol oxidases [35]. Furthermore, Winiarski and his collaborators managed to reuse waste from the steel industry as a sustainable electrode modifier material for the electrochemical monitoring of different neurotransmitters [36].…”