Amperometric detection of catechol using tyrosinase modified electrodes enhanced by the layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanocubes and polyelectrolytes

Non-enzymatic amperometric detection of phenol and catechol using nanoporous gold

“…Therefore, development of good analytical methods for detection of phenol and catechol has crucial importance in environmental monitoring and industrial analyzing. Moreover, determination of catechol as a neurotransmitter is also necessary for clinical analysis [12,13].…”

Layer-by-layer assembly of functionalized reduced graphene oxide for direct electrochemistry and glucose detection

“…It has been shown to be effective with several types of materials such as enzymes [5], dendrimers [6], polypeptides [7], nucleic acids and DNA [8], proteins [9], virus [10], conducting polymers [11], inorganic materials [12], nanoparticles [13], nanotubes [14] and nanowires and nanosheets [15]. It is widely used for immobilizing biomolecules [16][17][18] as the electrochemical activity is preserved due to water entrapment in the LbL film structure [19], minimizing protein denaturation for long time periods [20].…”

Polymeric Materials for Printed-Based Electroanalytical (Bio)Applications

“…Even if a parallel connection would lower the required time for multi-deposition of polymers, in practice the commercially available multi-output potentiostats are majorly connected in series. Even if these are the majorly utilized techniques for customizing printed electroanalytical platforms with polymer-based modifiers, other approaches can serve to accomplish this goal (although some techniques have not been applied to (bio)electrochemical detection yet); among these, roll-to-roll [38], electrospray [25], pen-writing [39], and dip coating [40] represent other possible methods. However, roll-to-roll allows a quick modification of a high amount of electrodes, but the equipment required is bulky and expensive; electrospray can be carried out with home-made apparatus, but one of its limitations could be ascribable to the interaction between the electric field applied to generate droplets and the polymer; pen-writing is also a very versatile way to produce or modify printed electrodes, but it lacks of repeatability; dip coating for layer-by-layer structuring of electrodes is a simple and effective approach, which exploits the adsorption of oppositely charged polymer layers, but it requires many steps.…”

“…In 2014, Karim et al [40] took advantage of the negatively charged poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) electrolyte to stabilize gold nanocubes (AuNC) in a biosensor architecture to detect cathecol. In particular, a layer-by-layer approach was followed.…”

“…The biosensor was stored desiccated at 4 °C when not in use and, despite the dry conditions, it maintained more than the 90% of its initial enzyme activity over a period of six months. [40]); (C) layer structure and operation mechanism of 3HB biosensor (Permission of [65]). …”