Amperometric Biosensor Based on Laccase Enzyme, Gold Nanoparticles, and Glutaraldehyde for the Determination of Dopamine in Biological and Environmental Samples

Santos, Anderson M.; Wong, Ademar; Fatibello‐Filho, Orlando; Moraes, Fernando C.

doi:10.3390/c8030040

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Santos et al fabricated an amperometric biosensor working with a working electrode made by carbon paste modified with laccase enzyme, which was immobilized in a glutaraldehyde agent. A linear concentration range of 0.8 μM–62 μM, with a minimal detected concentration of 0.06 μM, was accomplished, but the stability was up to 90% from a signal in only 9 days [ 57 ].…”

Section: Evolution Of the Dopamine Biosensors After Receptor Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Enzymatic Dopamine Biosensors to OECT Biosensors of Dopamine

Ravariu

2023

Biosensors

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Neurotransmitters are an important category of substances used inside the nervous system, whose detection with biosensors has been seriously addressed in the last decades. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter from the catecholamine family, was recently discovered to have implications for cardiac arrest or muscle contractions. In addition to having many other neuro-psychiatric implications, dopamine can be detected in blood, urine, and sweat. This review highlights the importance of biosensors as influential tools for dopamine recognition. The first part of this article is related to an introduction to biosensors for neurotransmitters, with a focus on dopamine. The regular methods in their detection are expensive and require high expertise personnel. A major direction of evolution of these biosensors has expanded with the integration of active biological materials suitable for molecular recognition near electronic devices. Secondly, for dopamine in particular, the miniaturized biosensors offer excellent sensitivity and specificity and offer cheaper detection than conventional spectrometry, while their linear detection ranges from the last years fall exactly on the clinical intervals. Thirdly, the applications of novel nanomaterials and biomaterials to these biosensors are discussed. Older generations, metabolism-based or enzymatic biosensors, could not detect concentrations below the micro-molar range. But new generations of biosensors combine aptamer receptors and organic electrochemical transistors, OECTs, as transducers. They have pushed the detection limit to the pico-molar and even femto-molar ranges, which fully correspond to the usual ranges of clinical detection of human dopamine in body humors that cover 0.1 ÷ 10 nM. In addition, if ten years ago the use of natural dopamine receptors on cell membranes seemed impossible for biosensors, the actual technology allows co-integrate transistors and vesicles with natural receptors of dopamine, like G protein-coupled receptors. The technology is still complicated, but the uni-molecular detection selectivity is promising.

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Section: Evolution Of the Dopamine Biosensors After Receptor Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Enzymatic Dopamine Biosensors to OECT Biosensors of Dopamine

Ravariu

2023

Biosensors

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“…Electroanalytical methods are a great alternative choice, having advantages such as easy sample preparation and cost-effective and instant results. In the past two decades, the development of electrochemical voltammetric techniques and the fabrication of low-cost modified electrodes for sensitive and selective DA estimation in body fluids has gained attention; ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) interference-free detection of DA has been an especially challenging task [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Various chemically modified electrodes have been constructed based on organic redox mediators [ 28 ], polymers-modified electrodes [ 29 , 30 ], metal nanocomposites [ 31 , 32 , 33 ] and nanoparticle-modified electrodes [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Activated Pencil Graphite Electrode for Dopamine Sensor Applications: A Critical Review

Srinivas

2023

Biosensors

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Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) is an alternative, commercially available, ready-to-use, screen-printed electrode for a wide range of electroanalytical applications. Due to the complex-matrix composition and unpredictable electro-inactive nature of PGE in its native form, a surface pre-treatment/activation procedure is highly preferred for using it as an electroactive working electrode for electroanalytical applications. In this article, we review various surface pre-treatment and modification procedures adopted in the literature with respect to the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine as a model system. Specific generation of the carbon–oxygen functional group, along with partial surface exfoliation of PGE, has been referred to as a key step for the activation. Based on the Scopus® index, the literature collection was searched with the keywords “pencil and dopamine”. The obtained data were segregated into three main headings as: (i) electrochemically pre-treated PGE; (ii) polymer-modified PGEs; and (iii) metal and metal nanocomposite-modified PGE. This critical review covers various surface activation procedures adopted for the activation for PGE suitable for dopamine electroanalytical application.

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“…Considering its widespread use and the risks it poses to humans and the environment, it is necessary to develop increasingly sensitive, practical and low-cost analytical methods for the determination and/or monitoring of TMP in environmental and biological samples. In this sense, electrochemical sensors stand out for their chemical and physical characteristics, in addition to the possibility of modification, which in turn can further increase their sensitivity and/or selectivity [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Determination of Trimethoprim Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Printex(6L) Carbon and Gold Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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This work proposes a simple, fast and low-cost voltammetric method for the determination of trimethoprim at low concentrations in an analytical and real matrix (river water sample, bovine serum and synthetic urine). For this, a glassy carbon electrode was modified with Printex(6L) carbon and gold nanoparticles in a chitosan film crosslinked with epichlorohydrin. After that, the electrochemical measurement system contained a solution of phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 with commands for the square wave voltammetry technique. The results achieved showed a limit of detection equal to 12.4 nmol L−1 and a linear concentration range from 0.20 to 6.0 μmol L−1. The sensor selectivity was tested in the presence of various electroactive molecules, and the results showed that the detection of TMP in the presence of possible interferents was not masked. In addition, the applicability of the AuNPs–Printex(6L)–CTS:EPH/GCE sensor was also verified in synthetic samples of urine, bovine serum and river water through standard addition and recovery tests. Finally, the results of this analytical proposal portray a simple, fast and efficient method for the detection of TMP in different matrices.

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Amperometric Biosensor Based on Laccase Enzyme, Gold Nanoparticles, and Glutaraldehyde for the Determination of Dopamine in Biological and Environmental Samples

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

From Enzymatic Dopamine Biosensors to OECT Biosensors of Dopamine

From Enzymatic Dopamine Biosensors to OECT Biosensors of Dopamine

Surface-Activated Pencil Graphite Electrode for Dopamine Sensor Applications: A Critical Review

Voltammetric Determination of Trimethoprim Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Printex(6L) Carbon and Gold Nanoparticles

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