Abstract:Abstract. The Erebus Glacier Tongue, a small floating glacier in southern McMurdo Sound, is one of the beststudied ice tongues in Antarctica. Despite this, its calving on the 27 February 2013 (UTC) was around 10 yr earlier than previously predicted. The calving was likely a result of ocean currents and the absence of fast ice. The subsequent trajectory of the newly created iceberg supports previous descriptions of the surface ocean circulation in southern McMurdo Sound.
“…This is superimposed upon a steadier westward flow strong enough to prevent current reversal (Fig. 4b) either through flow rectification or regional circulation (Stevens et al, 2011(Stevens et al, , 2014. This was confirmed over a 10-day period beginning on DOY 300, where currents measured in the upper 60 m of the water column at the Mast B site ranged from 0.03 to 0.28 m s −1 westward (Stevens et al, 2014).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 59%
“…In October and November 2010, the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) established a temporary station, Erebus Field Camp (EFC), on fast (immobile) sea ice near Erebus Glacier tongue (EGT) in Mc-Murdo Sound, Antarctica. The general layout of EFC and its location relative to nearby geographic features is described by Stevens et al (2014Stevens et al ( , 2011 and shown in Fig. 2.…”
Abstract. Late winter measurements of turbulent quantities in tidally modulated flow under land-fast sea ice near the Erebus Glacier Tongue, McMurdo Sound, identified processes that influence growth at the interface of an ice surface in contact with supercool seawater. The data suggest that turbulent heat exchange at the ocean-ice boundary is characterized by the product of friction velocity and (negative) water temperature departure from freezing, analogous to similar results for moderate melting rates in seawater above freezing. Platelet ice growth appears to increase the hydraulic roughness (drag) of fast ice compared with undeformed fast ice without platelets. We hypothesize that platelet growth in supercool water under thick ice is rate-limited by turbulent heat transfer and that this is a significant factor to be considered in mass transfer at the under-side of ice shelves and sea ice in the vicinity of ice shelves.
“…This is superimposed upon a steadier westward flow strong enough to prevent current reversal (Fig. 4b) either through flow rectification or regional circulation (Stevens et al, 2011(Stevens et al, , 2014. This was confirmed over a 10-day period beginning on DOY 300, where currents measured in the upper 60 m of the water column at the Mast B site ranged from 0.03 to 0.28 m s −1 westward (Stevens et al, 2014).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 59%
“…In October and November 2010, the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) established a temporary station, Erebus Field Camp (EFC), on fast (immobile) sea ice near Erebus Glacier tongue (EGT) in Mc-Murdo Sound, Antarctica. The general layout of EFC and its location relative to nearby geographic features is described by Stevens et al (2014Stevens et al ( , 2011 and shown in Fig. 2.…”
Abstract. Late winter measurements of turbulent quantities in tidally modulated flow under land-fast sea ice near the Erebus Glacier Tongue, McMurdo Sound, identified processes that influence growth at the interface of an ice surface in contact with supercool seawater. The data suggest that turbulent heat exchange at the ocean-ice boundary is characterized by the product of friction velocity and (negative) water temperature departure from freezing, analogous to similar results for moderate melting rates in seawater above freezing. Platelet ice growth appears to increase the hydraulic roughness (drag) of fast ice compared with undeformed fast ice without platelets. We hypothesize that platelet growth in supercool water under thick ice is rate-limited by turbulent heat transfer and that this is a significant factor to be considered in mass transfer at the under-side of ice shelves and sea ice in the vicinity of ice shelves.
“…At the time of the sampling, the most recent calving of the EGT had been in March 1990 when a 3.5 km section broke away [ Robinson and Haskell , ]. Subsequent to the observations described here, a 4 km section calved off in February 2013 [ Stevens et al ., ]. Similar events were known to have occurred in 1911 and at some point during the 1940s [ Holdsworth , ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…Another 1 km farther toward Ross Island, a large crack on the south side of the tongue was sufficiently open so as to be penetrated by skidoo traveling on the sea ice. This halved the structural width of the EGT and subsequently was the location for the February 2013 calving [ Stevens et al ., ].…”
In situ measurements of flow and stratification in the vicinity of the Erebus Glacier Tongue, a 12 km long floating Antarctic glacier, show the significant influence of the glacier. Three ADCPs (75, 300, and 600 kHz) were deployed close (<50 m) to the sidewall of the glacier in order to capture near-field flow distortion. Scalar (temperature and conductivity) and shear microstructure profiling captured small-scale vertical variability. and a background/residual flow ($4-10 cm s 21 ) flowing to the NW. Turbulence was dominated by deeper mixing during spring tide, likely indicative of the role of bathymetric variation which locally forms an obstacle as great as the glacier. During the neap tide, near-surface mixing was as energetic as that seen in the spring tide, suggesting the presence of buoyancy-driven near-surface flows. Estimates of integrated dissipation rate suggest that these floating extensions of the Antarctic ice sheet alter energy budgets through enhanced dissipation, and thus influence coastal near-surface circulation.
“…Expeditions to variously evocatively named remote icy locations [e.g. Stevens et al, 2013], the Drygalski Ice Tongue, the Erebus Glacier Tongue, the Ross Ice Shelf and Haskell Strait are all connected with different parts of the role ice in Antarctica plays in our global system. The science has its similarities to the art in that achievable elements are joined to form a larger whole.…”
A hybrid combination of art and science is used to communicate science in a primary school setting. The purpose of the work is to enhance student awareness of the science behind understanding the global climate system with a focus on the cryosphere. An experiment in communicating science is conducted by taking the collaborative experiences of a professional artist and scientist, which are then combined and projected onto an ostensibly everyday primary school classroom project. The tangible end result is a stand-alone contemporary art work that then is the focal point of community-based promotion of the science and creativity involved. A range of qualitative evaluation elements suggest that the approach does improve student engagement with the scientific approach and reduces the student's uncertainty about "what science is".
AbstractPublic engagement with science and technology; Science and technology, art and literature; Science education
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