Amount and dietary sources of caffeine and saccharin intake by individuals ages 5 to 18 years

Morgan, Karen; Stults, Vala J.; Zabik, Mary E.

doi:10.1016/0273-2300(82)90003-4

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Similar results were found in all studies (Zoumas et al, 1980, Morgan et al, 1982, MAFF, 1998. The average theobromine and caffeine contents in the listed studies were 39 and 3 mg/cup, respectively.…”

Section: Methylxanthine Content In Hot Cocoa Chocolate Milk and Othesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Some of the data given by Shively and Tarka (1984) confirm observations on caffeine content previously reported by Morgan et al (1982). The latter investigators found that a piece of chocolate cake on average contains13.8 mg caffeine, a nut fudge brownie 7.7 mg caffeine, and half a cup of chocolate pudding 5.5 mg caffeine.…”

Section: Methylxanthine Content In Hot Cocoa Chocolate Milk and Othesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Around 80% of tablets, rolls, countlines and pralines were filled, while the rest were unfilled. Zoumas et al (1980) -300 Morgan et al (1982) Trends in the consumption of cocoa and chocolate confectionery during the 1990s in Iceland and Sweden are shown in Table 8 and 9.…”

Section: Consumption Of Cocoa and Chocolate Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young people have a lower caffeine intake from coffee than older people. On an mg/kg body weight basis, an American test population of children aged 6-11 year ingested 0.10 mg/kg, whereas those aged 12-17 years ingested 0.16 mg/kg body weight (Morgan et al, 1982).…”

Section: Methylxanthine Intake From Coffeementioning

confidence: 99%

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Intake of caffeine and other methylxanthines during pregnancy and risk for adverse effects in pregnant women and their foetuses

Andersson¹,

Hallström²,

Kihlman³

2005

TemaNord

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Section: Methylxanthine Content In Hot Cocoa Chocolate Milk and Othesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methylxanthine Content In Hot Cocoa Chocolate Milk and Othesupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Consumption Of Cocoa and Chocolate Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methylxanthine Intake From Coffeementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intake of caffeine and other methylxanthines during pregnancy and risk for adverse effects in pregnant women and their foetuses

Andersson¹,

Hallström²,

Kihlman³

2005

TemaNord

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“…Other authors have reported variable caffeine intakes of up to 16 mg/day by 7-to 8-year-olds, 24 mg/day by 9-to 10-year-olds, and 37.4 mg/day by 5-to 18-year-olds. 27 Symptoms of caffeine withdrawal include headache, fatigue, decreased alertness, drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, decreased desire to socialize, flulike symptoms, irritability, depressed mood, muscle pain or stiffness, and nausea or vomiting. 28 …”

Section: Caffeine and Other Stimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate?

Schneider¹,

Benjamin²

2011

Pediatrics

318

108

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Sports and energy drinks are being marketed to children and adolescents for a wide variety of inappropriate uses. Sports drinks and energy drinks are significantly different products, and the terms should not be used interchangeably. The primary objectives of this clinical report are to define the ingredients of sports and energy drinks, categorize the similarities and differences between the products, and discuss misuses and abuses. Secondary objectives are to encourage screening during annual physical examinations for sports and energy drink use, to understand the reasons why youth consumption is widespread, and to improve education aimed at decreasing or eliminating the inappropriate use of these beverages by children and adolescents. Rigorous review and analysis of the literature reveal that caffeine and other stimulant substances contained in energy drinks have no place in the diet of children and adolescents. Furthermore, frequent or excessive intake of caloric sports drinks can substantially increase the risk for overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Discussion regarding the appropriate use of sports drinks in the youth athlete who participates regularly in endurance or high-intensity sports and vigorous physical activity is beyond the scope of this report. Pediatrics 2011;127:1182-1189 Sports and energy drinks are a large and growing beverage industry now marketed to children and adolescents for a variety of uses. Marketing strategies for sports drinks suggest optimization of athletic performance and replacement of fluid and electrolytes lost in sweat during and after exercise, and marketing strategies for energy drinks purport a boost in energy, decreased fatigue, enhanced concentration, and mental alertness. Sports drinks are different products than energy drinks; therefore, the terms should not be used interchangeably. Sports drinks are flavored beverages that often contain carbohydrates, minerals, electrolytes (eg, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium), and sometimes vitamins or other nutrients. Although the term "energy" can be perceived to imply calories, energy drinks typically contain stimulants, such as caffeine and guarana, with varying amounts of carbohydrate, protein, amino acids, vitamins, sodium, and other minerals.With children and adolescents, careful consideration is necessary when selecting a beverage to hydrate before, during, or after exercise and outside of physical activity to prevent excessive sugar and caloric intake that may encourage dental erosion, overweight, and obesity. 1

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Adolescent Substance Abuse

Leukefeld¹

2009

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Amount and dietary sources of caffeine and saccharin intake by individuals ages 5 to 18 years

Cited by 75 publications

References 1 publication

Intake of caffeine and other methylxanthines during pregnancy and risk for adverse effects in pregnant women and their foetuses

Intake of caffeine and other methylxanthines during pregnancy and risk for adverse effects in pregnant women and their foetuses

Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate?

Adolescent Substance Abuse

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