Amorphous TiO2 in LP-OMCVD TiNxOy thin films revealed by XPS

Temperature dependent photoluminescence of photocatalytically active titania nanopowders

“…XPS analysis is usually used to evaluate the valence state of titanium atoms and the evolution of hydroxyl groups at the TiO 2 surface [17][18][19][20]. Whatever the TiO 2 powders, the Ti 2p XPS spectra confirmed that Ti is in the +4 oxidation state at the surface.…”

Growth of titanium oxynitride layers by short pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of Ti plates: Influence of the cumulated laser fluence

“…Many procedures have been carried out for producing titanium oxynitrides in a controlled atmosphere [1][2][3].…”

Multifunctional titanium oxycarbide films fabricated by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique using CO2 as a precusor

“…Ti 4 þ (458.6 eV) represents Ti-O bonds, which exists as a form of TiO 2 . Ti 3 þ (457.1 eV) is related to the O preferential sputtering of TiO 2 by Ar þ , which leads to the anionic deficiencies [22,23]. Peak percentage of Ti2p deconvoluted components are calculated (as shown in Table 3) based on area of deconvolutions.…”