Amorphous C/SbS_x composites from natural stibnite as low cost and high performance lithium/sodium-ion battery anodes

Abstract

Antimony sulfide is a promising anode material for lithium/sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, but it suffers from large volume expansion during cycling and high cost. In present...

Interfacial Chemical Linkage Enabling MWCNTs/Sb2S3 High Sodium Storage Performance

“…However, rapid capacity decay took place on the MWCNTs/Sb 2 S 3 -H electrode. After 150 cycles, the reversible specific capacity of the MWCNTs/Sb 2 S 3 -H electrode decreased to 302 mAh g –1 , which was comparable to MWCNTs/Sb 2 S 3 -L. To show the advantage of the MWCNTs/Sb 2 S 3 composite material in this work, the sodium storge performance of some reported Sb 2 S 3 -based electrodes are listed in Table . − ,,,,,,, …”

“…49 The characteristic peaks located at about 147, 189, 252, and 299 cm −1 in pure Sb 2 S 3 were associated with the vibration modes of Sb−S and S−Sb−S. 16,44,50 Noteworthily, there were only two obvious peaks at 280 and 299 cm −1 in MWCNTs/Sb 2 S 3 -M, which were attributed to the A g vibration mode of Sb−S, further confirming the formation of interfacial bonding through C− O−Sb and C−S bonds. 23 Definitely, the construction of a bridged bond between MWCNTs and Sb 2 S 3 is beneficial for the interfacial charge transfer.…”

“…After 150 cycles, the reversible specific capacity of the MWCNTs/Sb 2 S 3 -H electrode decreased to 302 mAh g −1 , which was comparable to MWCNTs/Sb 2 S 3 -L. To show the advantage of the MWCNTs/ Sb 2 S 3 composite material in this work, the sodium storge performance of some reported Sb 2 S 3 -based electrodes are listed in Table 1. [16][17][18][19][20]24,27,31,32,47,50,52 According to the conclusion of reported research, there are mainly three types of contribution for the charge storage mechanism: the ion insertion induced diffusion contribution, the surface redox induced pseudocapacitive contribution, and the double layer induced capacitive contribution. 53 The pseudocapacitive contribution is beneficial to improving the sodium storage performance of the electrode with large current density.…”

“…Drawing parallels with literature on LIBs, metal sulfides based on multielectron conversion-alloying reactions are supposed to be promising anode candidates to achieve reversible sodium-ion storage with high specific capacity and structural stability. , Typically, antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ), delivering high specific capacity in theory (946 mAh g –1 ) and moderate sodiation/desodiation potential, has received intensive research interest. , Nevertheless, several drawbacks have severely restrained practical application of Sb 2 S 3 -based anode materials for SIBs, including (1) inevitable volume change and the following pulverization during repeated sodiation/desodiation processes, resulting in poor structure integrity; , (2) poor electron conductivity of Sb 2 S 3 and the sodiated Na 2 S, leading to large interfacial charge transfer impendence and insufficient decoupling of Na + and e – ; , (3) aggregation and dissolution of polysulfides inducing the “shuttle effect”, resulting in continuous active mass loss and gradual increased charge transfer impendence; , and (4) most reported Sb 2 S 3 -based materials are achieved from Sb-based salts with chemical purity through complex chemical processes, giving rise to high cost of Sb 2 S 3 -based materials. , …”