Among-population variation in costs of reproduction in the long-lived orchid Gymnadenia conopsea: an experimental study

Sletvold, Nina; Ågren, Jon

doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2006-0

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Fruit set of supplementally handpollinated plants has been high during three years in the study population (94-98%; N. Sletvold, unpublished data), indicating that prevailing resource levels allow maximal fruit set. However, reproductive costs have been documented in several orchids (Snow and Whigham 1989, Primack and Stacy 1998, Sletvold and Å gren 2011b, suggesting that the strong increase in reproduction may trade off against future survival and reproduction in D. lapponica, potentially influencing selection on floral traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation context influences the strength and targets of pollinator‐mediated selection in a deceptive orchid

Sletvold

Grindeland

Ågren

2013

Ecology

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Abstract. Clarifying the relationship between environmental context and the adaptive significance of floral traits is fundamental for an understanding of spatial and temporal variation in pollinator-mediated selection. We manipulated vegetation height and pollination regime of the orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica in a factorial design to test whether pollinatormediated selection on floral traits is stronger in tall than in short vegetation, and whether this difference is larger for visual traits affecting pollinator attraction than for traits affecting pollination efficiency. In tall vegetation, pollinators mediated strong selection for taller plants (change in selection gradient for pollination, Db poll ¼ 0.33), more flowers (Db poll ¼ 0.34), and longer spurs (Db poll ¼ 0.42). In short vegetation, there was no significant selection on plant height, and pollinator-mediated selection on number of flowers and spur length was reduced by 52% and 25%, respectively. The results demonstrate experimentally that vegetation context can markedly influence the strength of pollinator-mediated selection on visual display traits, and indicate that this effect is weaker for traits affecting pollination efficiency. The study illustrates how crossed manipulations of environmental factors can reveal the causal links between ecological context and selection on floral traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation context influences the strength and targets of pollinator‐mediated selection in a deceptive orchid

Sletvold

Grindeland

Ågren

2013

Ecology

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“…Br., a species widely regarded as allogamous and which is currently the subject of intensive research (Jersáková et al, 2010;Stark et al 2011;Trávnícek et al, 2012;Meekers and Honnay, 2011;Sletvold and Ågren, 2011;Sletvold et al, 2012). The common view is that this plant is self-compatible but depends on pollinators (Gustafsson, 2000;Huber et al, 2005;Jersáková et al, 2010;Sletvold and Ågren, 2011;Sletvold et al, 2012) and that under pollinator deficiency, selfing is conducted via geitonogamy (Meekers and Honnay, 2011). Meanwhile, during research on the breeding system of orchids in Poland, fruits of G. conopsea were found after an experiment on spontaneous autogamy (I. Tałałaj, unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Spontaneous Autogamy in the Allogamous Lepidopteran Orchid Gymnadenia Conopsea (L.) R. Br. (Orchidaceae)

Tałałaj¹,

Skierczyński²

2015

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia S. Botanica

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Studies of plant breeding systems are particularly important when they involve facultative processes, which can be overlooked in natural conditions. This especially applies to species that are considered allogamous, due to their pollination syndrome and floral architecture. We examined the potential level and factors enabling or limiting spontaneous autogamy in three populations of the lepidopteran orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Using a bagging experiment, we noted the stages of the anther thecae and the positions of the pollinaria at the five phenological stages of the flower, as well as the quantity of autogamously set fruits and the number of properly formed seeds. In the studied populations, autogamy represents an accidental character, with a maximum of 3.3% of fruits set spontaneously per analysed sample in a given population, and with seed numbers ranging from 29 to 354. This process is an environmentally dependent co-product of the mechanisms that enable a position appropriate for touching the stigma (bending of the caudicle) and increase male fitness (disintegration of the massulae), preceded by the gradual opening of the anther chambers. Autopollination of G. conopsea may occur in the flowers at various flowering stages (excluding the beginning of anthesis) at each position on the inflorescence. K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Anther thecae, bending movement, dehydration, disintegrated pollinium.

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“…Wild orchids have provided important empirical models for studying reproductive costs in iteroparous organisms [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Yet how these costs shape observed life histories remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary demography of iteroparous plants: incorporating non-lethal costs of reproduction into integral projection models

et al. 2012

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Understanding the selective forces that shape reproductive strategies is a central goal of evolutionary ecology. Selection on the timing of reproduction is well studied in semelparous organisms because the cost of reproduction (death) can be easily incorporated into demographic models. Iteroparous organisms also exhibit delayed reproduction and experience reproductive costs, although these are not necessarily lethal. How non-lethal costs shape iteroparous life histories remains unresolved. We analysed longterm demographic data for the iteroparous orchid Orchis purpurea from two habitat types (light and shade). In both the habitats, flowering plants had lower growth rates and this cost was greater for smaller plants. We detected an additional growth cost of fruit production in the light habitat. We incorporated these non-lethal costs into integral projection models to identify the flowering size that maximizes fitness. In both habitats, observed flowering sizes were well predicted by the models. We also estimated optimal parameters for size-dependent flowering effort, but found a strong mismatch with the observed flower production. Our study highlights the role of context-dependent non-lethal reproductive costs as selective forces in the evolution of iteroparous life histories, and provides a novel and broadly applicable approach to studying the evolutionary demography of iteroparous organisms.

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Among-population variation in costs of reproduction in the long-lived orchid Gymnadenia conopsea: an experimental study

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Vegetation context influences the strength and targets of pollinator‐mediated selection in a deceptive orchid

Vegetation context influences the strength and targets of pollinator‐mediated selection in a deceptive orchid

Mechanism of Spontaneous Autogamy in the Allogamous Lepidopteran Orchid Gymnadenia Conopsea (L.) R. Br. (Orchidaceae)

Evolutionary demography of iteroparous plants: incorporating non-lethal costs of reproduction into integral projection models

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