Amoebicidal and Amoebistatic Effects of Artemisia argyi Methanolic Extracts on Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites and Cysts

Abstract

Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the amoebicidal and amoebistatic efects of Artemisia argyi leaf methanolic extract by testing the effects on trophozoites and on cysts. We also determined cytotoxic effect, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, total phenolic, lavonoid and antioxidative contents of A. argyi. Methods A. argyi was harvested from various geographic sites in Ordu province in Turkey. The fresh leaves were subjected to methanolic extraction. In 100 μl culture, different concentrations of A. argyi methanolic extract (in quantities from 1.2, 2.3, 4.7, 9.4, 18.7, 37.4, 74.8 mg/ml) and the same volume of trophozoite/cyst suspension were mixed for the determination of the amoebicidal activity of the plant extract. Human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with the same concentrations of Artemisia extracts to determine cytotoxic potential. Results Total phenolic and lavonoid contents of the extract were calculated as 261 mg gallic acid/g dry extract and 29 mg quercetin/g dry extract, respectively. Total antioxidant activity was also calculated as 367 mg ascorbic acid/g dry extract.The growth of trophozoites stopped in A. argyi methanolic extract with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50)/8 h for 37.4 mg/ ml and 74.8 mg/ml extract solution and had stronger amoebicidal activity on the cysts with IC50/72 h. Artemisia showed stronger inhibitory effects on bronchial epithelial cells at the concentrations of 9.4, 18.7, 37.4 and 74.8 mg/ml. ConclusionThe study indicated that A. argyi leaf extract has cytotoxic and anti-amoebic activities.

The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Artemisia aucheri Seed on Acanthamoeba In vitro

“…Koloren, et al in a study to investigate amoebicidal and amoebistatic effects of Artemisia argyi methanolic extracts on Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites and Cysts, indicated that Artemisia argyi leaf extract has cytotoxic and anti-amoebic activities. In their study, the growth of trophozoites stopped in Artemisia argyi extract with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50)/8 h for 37.4 mg/ ml and 74.8 mg/ml extract solution and had stronger amoebicidal activity on the cysts with IC50/72 h. Also, Artemisia showed stronger inhibitory effects on bronchial epithelial cells at the concentrations of 9.4, 18.7, 37.4 and 74.8 mg/ml [26].…”

Amoebicidal activity of Cassia angustifolia extract and its effect on Acanthamoeba triangularis autophagy-related gene expression at the transcriptional level

“…The incidence of Acanthamoeba infection has increased annually, especially in contact lens wearers (Khan, 2006;Ibrahim et al, 2009;Nielsen et al, 2020;de Lacerda and Lira, 2021). Along with the reports on drug resistance (Iovieno et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2017) and the limited anti-Acanthamoeba drugs available (Lorenzo-Morales et al, 2015;Szentmáry et al, 2019), these attract the researcher's attention to focus on the identification of new medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes of Acanthamoeba infection and a compound with greater inhibitory activity and less toxicity is urgently needed (Niyyati et al, 2016;Mahboob et al, 2018;Sanguan et al, 2018;Kolören et al, 2019;Elsheikha et al, 2020). Besides, a treatment strategy of multidrug combination therapy may be needed for drug resistance cases (Tyers and Wright, 2019).…”

“…Several phytochemicals extracted from many plants have been evaluated as a source of amoebicidal agent, for example Allium sativum, Origanum spp., Arachis hypogaea, Curcuma longa L., Pancratium maritimum L., Pterocaulon polystachyum, Croton isabelli, Artemisia argyi, Piper spp., Citrus spp., Murraya paniculata, Amomum uliginosum, Kaempferia pandurata, etc. (Sanguan et al, 2018;Kolören et al, 2019;Anwar et al, 2020).…”

Anti-Blastocystis Activity In Vitro of Egyptian Herbal Extracts (Family: Asteraceae) with Emphasis on Artemisia judaica

“…Plants in the Artemisia genus are recognized for their medicinal value as being anti-protozoal. For example, A. argyi has been used as an anti-amoebic with amoebicidal and amoebistatic effects [49]. Other protozoans have also been treated with Artemisia , and its derivatives were isolated from A. annua with effective results against Plasmodium , Toxoplasma , Cryptosporidium , Giardia and Trypanosoma [50].…”