Amoebic liver abscess or is it?

Kc, Hu; Cc, Lin; Wang, Te; Cy, Liu; Mj, Chen; Wh, Chang

doi:10.1136/gut.2006.119149

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Severity is reported to range from mild and chronic diarrhea to acute gastroenteritis [1••]. Two recent reports were suggestive of invasive Blastocystis infections [7,8]. However, a coinfection with Entamoeba histolytica in the first case, and an invasive adenocarcinoma in the second, probably contributed to the perforation of the intestinal lining, allowing extraintestinal dissemination of Blastocystis.…”

Section: Intestinal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Current Views on the Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp.

Tan

Mirza

Teo

et al. 2010

Curr Infect Dis Rep

175

174

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Blastocystis is an enteric protistan parasite of uncertain clinical relevance. Recent studies indicate that the parasite is a species complex and humans are potentially hosts to nine Blastocystis subtypes, most of which are zoonotic. Subtype 3 is the most common in prevalence studies, followed by subtype 1. Laboratory diagnosis is challenging; the currently recommended diagnostic approach is trichrome staining of direct smears coupled with stool culture. Polymerase chain reaction testing from stools or culture is useful for determining Blastocystis subtype information. The controversial pathogenesis of Blastocystis is attributed to subtype variations in virulence; although current studies seem to support this idea, evidence suggests other factors also contribute to the clinical outcome of the infection. Clinical signs and symptoms of blastocystosis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and flatulence. Extraintestinal manifestations, predominantly cutaneous, also were reported. In vitro and animal studies shed new light on the pathobiology of Blastocystis.

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Section: Intestinal Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Current Views on the Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp.

Tan

Mirza

Teo

et al. 2010

Curr Infect Dis Rep

175

174

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“…An interesting case study described Blastocystis trophozoites present in the liver abscess aspirate of a 63-year-old man with a 5-day history of fever and blood-tinged watery diarrhea (102). Blastocystis was also present in stools, while E. histolytica could not be detected, suggesting an invasive extraintestinal Blastocystis infection.…”

Section: Infection and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Charcot-Leyden crystals are breakdown products of eosinophils, and their presence in stools is traditionally associated with E. histolytica infections (73). The significance of Charcot-Leyden crystals in Blastocystis infections is presently unclear, although an undetected E. histolytica infection could have resulted in such an observation, since mixed infections with Blastocystis and E. histolytica are not uncommon (102,144,171,197,215).…”

Section: Infection and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on Classification, Identification, and Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp

Tan¹

2008

Clin Microbiol Rev

609

715

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SUMMARY Blastocystis is an unusual enteric protozoan parasite of humans and many animals. It has a worldwide distribution and is often the most commonly isolated organism in parasitological surveys. The parasite has been described since the early 1900s, but only in the last decade or so have there been significant advances in our understanding of Blastocystis biology. However, the pleomorphic nature of the parasite and the lack of standardization in techniques have led to confusion and, in some cases, misinterpretation of data. This has hindered laboratory diagnosis and efforts to understand its mode of reproduction, life cycle, prevalence, and pathogenesis. Accumulating epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro data strongly suggest that Blastocystis is a pathogen. Many genotypes exist in nature, and recent observations indicate that humans are, in reality, hosts to numerous zoonotic genotypes. Such genetic diversity has led to a suggestion that previously conflicting observations on the pathogenesis of Blastocystis are due to pathogenic and nonpathogenic genotypes. Recent epidemiological, animal infection, and in vitro host-Blastocystis interaction studies suggest that this may indeed be the case. This review focuses on such recent advances and also provides updates on laboratory and clinical aspects of Blastocystis spp.

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Section: Infection and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifishAustrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis

Podrabsky

Lopez

Fan

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

128

154

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SUMMARY The annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus survives in ephemeral pond habitats by producing drought-tolerant diapausing embryos. These embryos probably experience oxygen deprivation as part of their normal developmental environment. We assessed the anoxia tolerance of A. limnaeus embryos across the duration of embryonic development. Embryos develop a substantial tolerance to anoxia during early development, which peaks during diapause II. This extreme tolerance of anoxia is retained during the first 4 days of post-diapause II development and is then lost. Metabolism during anoxia appears to be supported mainly by production of lactate, with alanine and succinate production contributing to a lesser degree. Anoxic embryos also accumulate large quantities of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), a potential protector of neural function. It appears that the suite of characters associated with normal development and entry into diapause II in this species prepares the embryos for long-term survival in anoxia even while the embryos are exposed to aerobic conditions. This is the first report of such extreme anoxia tolerance in a vertebrate embryo, and introduces a new model for the study of anoxia tolerance in vertebrates.

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Amoebic liver abscess or is it?

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Current Views on the Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp.

Current Views on the Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp.

New Insights on Classification, Identification, and Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp

Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifishAustrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis

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