Amniotic lamellar body count and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in humans and in a rat model

Abstract

Background:We examined the extent of fetal lung hypoplasia and lung maturation using the amniotic lamellar body count (LBc) in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cDh). Methods: We obtained 30 amniotic fluid samples from human cDh cases during cesarean section. We assessed LBc, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound findings for predicting the prognosis of cDh. We collected newborn amniotic fluid and lung tissue at embryonic day (e)21 from normal and nitrofeninduced cDh rats (administered 100 mg orally at e9). amniotic LBcs in rats were measured using light microscopy. results: In human cDh, LBc was significantly higher in the surviving than in the deceased group (P < 0.01). a significant positive correlation was observed between LBc and percentage of fetal lung volume on MRI (P < 0.001; r = 0.716). In rats, LBc was significantly higher in controls than in cDh rats (P < 0.01) and correlated with fetal lung weight. conclusion: We conclude that LBc is useful for predicting lung hypoplasia in human cDh after 35 gestational weeks and in a rat model of nitrofen-induced cDh.

The road to lysosome‐related organelles: Insights from Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome and other rare diseases

“…Scale bars, 100 nm. E, A lung lamellar body from a rat type II alveolar cell analyzed by thin section EM (from Reference ). Scale bar, 1 μm.…”

Antenatal Saireito (TJ-114) Can Improve Pulmonary Hypoplasia and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

“…Saireito is known to increase endogenous corticosteroid production and decrease phosphodiesterase activity, which might also explain the improved respiratory functions in CDH pups treated with Saireito. Our results revealed that fetal lung maturation was not significantly different between the normal, CDH, and CDH + S groups, which is consistent with the recently reported results (Boucherat et al ., ; Watanabe et al ., ).…”

“…Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Chubu Kagaku Shizai (Nagoya, Japan). Rats were exposed to nitrofen (Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) on day 9 of pregnancy (E9), as previously described (Watanabe et al, 2013). Nitrofen (100 mg) was dissolved in 1 mL of olive oil, and control animals were treated with 1 mL of olive oil.…”

“…Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a defect of the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to ascend into the thoracic cavity. CDH has a mean incidence of 1 in 2500 newborn children, and its etiology remains poorly understood (Watanabe et al, 2013). Despite the progress in prenatal diagnosis and postnatal care, CDH remains associated with a high rate of mortality (approximately 20-30%) (Doné et al, 2013).…”

“…To examine the underlying pathogenesis of CDH, the rat model of nitrofen-induced CDH has been used, as it is remarkably similar to human CDH (Greer et al, 2000;Watanabe et al, 2013). In the rat CDH model, antenatal treatment with retinoic acid has been reported to decrease the incidence of CDH (Thébaud et al, 1999), increase lung volume (Thébaud et al, 1999), promote pulmonary alveologenesis (Thébaud et al, 1999), and increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression (Schmidt et al, 2012), which is downregulated in CDH.…”