Amniotic fluid GGT and congenital extrahepatic biliary damage

Nonvisualization of the fetal gallbladder by second‐trimester ultrasound scan: strategy of clinical management based on four examples

“…But after 24 weeks of gestation, it is no longer possible to differentiate between abnormally low and physiologically low levels of the enzymes, although high values exclude biliary atresia and cystic fibrosis. In biliary atresia, amniotic fluid GGTP levels alone drop dramatically from 16 weeks of gestation (Muller et al, 1991), whereas in cystic fibrosis, or intestinal atresia, levels of all the digestive enzymes fall sharply (Brock, 1983;Carbarns et al, 1983;Muller et al, 1988;Ochshorn et al, 2007). The latter profile, typical of cystic fibrosis, was seen in case no.…”

The biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome: A 28-year single-center retrospective study

“…This hypothesis is supported by reported cases of isolated BA with antenatal evidence of biliary pathology. 61,62 In a recent series of 9 infants identified at around 20 weeks of gestation, only 1 was syndromic. 61 The inflammatory process leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis could only have started perinatally or postnatally, possibly augmented by changes in either intrahepatic bile flow or the newborn's immune competence.…”

Fetal Choledochal Cyst Diagnosed at 22 Weeks of Gestation by Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography: A Case Report

“…Casaccia et al (7) reported that the prenatal ultrasound patterns make an antenatal differential diagnosis of biliary anomalies. Muller et al (8) have reported that fetuses with choledochal cyst have significantly lower amniotic fluid gamma-glutamyl transferase values which indicate decreased bile excretion in utero . The 3-D multislice view enables 3-D anatomy to be displayed as serial images similar to magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.…”