Amniotic Fluid as an Extended Milieu Intérieur

Robinson, Scott R.; Méndez-Gallardo, Valerie

doi:10.1002/9781444327632.ch9

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 206 publications

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“…This suggests that macronutrient limitation is more important than energy intake reduction per se for maternal effects on offspring appetite. This fits well with the observation that exposure to diet‐derived molecules during embryonic development can have lasting consequences for offspring food preferences in mammals . It also mirrors recent results implicating macronutrient balance, rather than CR per se , in the effects of moderate food deprivation on longevity .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Transgenerational effects of caloric restriction on appetite: a meta‐analysis

et al. 2014

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Maternal undernutrition can result in significant alterations to the post-natal offspring phenotype, including body size and behaviour. For example, maternal food restriction has been implicated in offspring hyperphagia, potentially causing increased weight gain and fat accumulation. This could result in obesity and other adverse long-term health effects in offspring. We investigated the link between maternal caloric restriction during gestation and offspring appetite by conducting the first meta-analysis on this topic using experimental data from mammalian laboratory models (i.e. rats and mice). We collected 89 effect sizes from 35 studies, together with relevant moderators. Our analysis revealed weak and statistically non-significant overall effect on offspring's appetite. However, we found that lower protein content of restricted diets is associated with higher food intake in female offspring. Importantly, we show that a main source of variation among studies arises from whether, and how, food intake was adjusted for body mass. This probably explains many of the contradictory results in the field. Based on our results, we recommend using allometric scaling of food intake to body mass in future studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Transgenerational effects of caloric restriction on appetite: a meta‐analysis

et al. 2014

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“…Since amniotic fluid promotes endogenous opioid release, P0 pups’ odor exposure may have occurred under heightened opioid levels. Like NE, opioids are also involved in learning as well as responsiveness to sensory input (Robinson & Méndez-Gallardo, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies can dissect this effect and study the underlying mechanisms. Possible mechanisms include but are certainly not limited to prior experience with the dam or other olfactory stimuli, norepinephrine levels during odor exposure (Ronca et al, 2006), and recent amniotic fluid exposure (Robinson & Méndez-Gallardo, 2009) all of which presumably differ from the day of birth (P0) to P1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mere odor exposure learning in the rat neonate immediately after birth and 1 day later

Miller

Spear

2010

Developmental Psychobiology

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Rat pups are more resistant to retroactive associative interference 3 hrs after birth than 24 hours later (Cheslock, Sanders, & Spear, 2004). The present experiments tested the effect of age, retention interval and dam presence during the retention interval on odor-induced motor activity subsequent to mere odor exposure. Rats were exposed to an hour of odor immediately after birth or approximately one day later and tested after a given retention interval (3 hrs or 27 hrs [Exp 1]; 0, 30, 75, or 180 min [Exp. 2]). They spent the retention interval either in the presence or absence of a foster dam (Exp. 1 and 3). After the retention interval, pups were tested in a four-minute activity test including a two-minute baseline period and two minutes of odor exposure. Overall activity was scored during tape-playback. Odor-exposed pups were more active than non-exposed pups during reexposure to the odor during testing, but this was true only for P0 pups. In contrast, P1 pups without prior odor exposure were active during testing and behaviorally quieted in the presence of the odor they were previously exposed to. Though one day apart, newborn rats just hours old lack many of the experiences that a one day old has had including nursing, huddling, and being groomed. These experiences are associated with, among other stimuli, a barrage of olfactory cues (e.g., colostrum, saliva, dander, feces, and urine). P0 and P1 pups also differ in their proximity from the birthing experience and associated neurochemical changes. The age-related pattern of responding to odors based on previous odor exposure was discussed in relation to these and other possibilities.

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“…Recent studies on embryonic chickens and perinatal rats provide evidence that fetal and neonatal sensorimotor experience can change motility and is thus most likely an important component of sensorimotor development (Sharp, 2015). Neuromuscular development and movement begin early in fetal development and are shaped by the physical constraints of the uterine environment (Adolf & Berger, 2011;Robinson & M endez-Gallardo, 2010). Furthermore, fetal motor activity and development respond to changes in maternal behavior and vary with socioeconomic status and cultural location (DiPietro, Costigan, Shupe, Pressman, & Johnson, 1998;DiPietro et al, 2004;Dipietro, 2010).…”

Section: Rethinking Sex-related Differences In Activity Levels and Momentioning

confidence: 99%

How else can we study sex differences in early infancy?

Fausto‐Sterling

2015

Developmental Psychobiology

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This paper revisits group difference and individual variability in birth weight, head size, Apgar score, and motor performance in neonatal and 8-month-old males and females using a large existing data set. The goal is primarily theoretical--to reframe existing analyses with an eye toward designing and executing more predictive analyses in the future. 3D graphing to visualize both the areas of overlap and regions of disparity between boys and girls has been used. A two-step cluster analysis of boys and girls together revealed three clusters. One was almost equally divided between boys and girls, but a second was highly enriched for boys and the third highly skewed toward girls. The relationship between cluster membership and Bayley motor scores at 8 months tested the hypothesis that initial differences that have no sex-related behavioral content might start processes that produce later sex-related differences. Initially, parental belief systems may be less important than infant care patterns evoked by basic size and health characteristics, even though later parental behaviors assume a decidedly gendered pattern.

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Amniotic Fluid as an Extended Milieu Intérieur

Cited by 13 publications

References 206 publications

Transgenerational effects of caloric restriction on appetite: a meta‐analysis

Transgenerational effects of caloric restriction on appetite: a meta‐analysis

Mere odor exposure learning in the rat neonate immediately after birth and 1 day later

How else can we study sex differences in early infancy?

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