Amniotic fluid and palatal fusion in the rat

Pourtois, Michel

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(68)90039-3

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…promotive effects of the fluid on palatal fusion were previously suggested (Pourtois, 1968;Goss, 1976;Nanda et al, 1977). EGF and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases) may be intrauterine epigenetic modifiers for MEE cell differentiation, because they are contained in amniotic fluid (Sundell et al, 1980;Murphy et al, 1981;Bunning et al, 1984;Kelly, et al, 1997) and can inhibit MEE cell disappearance in the fusing palate in vitro (Dixon and Ferguson, 1992;Blavier et al, 2001;Yamamoto et al, 2003).…”

Section: G D E H F I Jmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although palate organ cultures enable various experiments which are impossible in utero, they sometimes produce conflicting results. Palate culture methods reported thus far can be largely divided into the static culture method using a CO 2 incubator (Pourtois, 1966(Pourtois, , 1968Smiley and Koch, 1971, 1972, 1975Dixon and Ferguson, 1992;Griffith and Hay, 1992;Martínez-Álvarez et al, 2000;Cuervo et al, 2002;Cuervo and Covarrubias, 2004) and the suspension culture method with rolling bottles (Shiota et al, 1990;Brown et al, 2002). In those cultures, some fundamental questions remain such as: (1) In order from the left, oral and medial views of the single shelf explants, and the cell morphology of the medial edge and oral and nasal epithelia, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terminal differentiation of palatal medial edge epithelial cells in vitro is not necessarily dependent on palatal shelf contact and midline epithelial seam formation

Takigawa

Shiota²

2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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During fusion of the mammalian secondary palate, it has been suggested that palatal medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells disappear by means of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and epithelial cell migration. However, it is widely believed that MEE cells never differentiate unless palatal shelves make contact and the midline epithelial seam is formed. In order to clarify the potential of MEE cells to differentiate, we cultured single (unpaired) palatal shelves of ICR mouse fetuses by using suspension and static culture methods with two kinds of gasmixtures. We thereby found that MEE cells can disappear throughout the medial edge even without contact and adhesion to the opposing MEE in suspension culture with 95% O 2 /5% CO 2 . Careful examination of MEE cell behavior in the culture revealed that apoptosis, EMT, and epithelial cell migration all occurred at various stages of MEE cell disappearance, including the transient formation and disappearance of epithelial triangles and islets. In contrast, MEE cells showed poor differentiation in static culture in a CO 2 incubator. Furthermore, mouse and human amniotic fluids were found to prevent MEE cell differentiation in the cultured single palatal shelf, although paired palatal shelves fused successfully even in the presence of amniotic fluid. We therefore conclude that terminal differentiation of MEE cells is not necessarily dependent on palatal shelf contact and midline epithelial seam formation, but such MEE cell differentiation appears to be prevented in utero by amniotic fluid unless palatal shelves make close contact and the midline epithelial seam is formed.

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Section: G D E H F I Jmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal differentiation of palatal medial edge epithelial cells in vitro is not necessarily dependent on palatal shelf contact and midline epithelial seam formation

Takigawa

Shiota²

2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…Amniotic fluid forms the major environment of mammalian fetuses grown in utero and has been suggested to play important roles in palatal fusion (Pourtois, 1968;Goss, 1976;Nanda et al, 1977;Takigawa and Shiota, 2004) as well as in development of other fetal tissues, such as the lung (Sundell et al, 1980;Yoshimura et al, 2000) and the gastro-intestinal tract (Mulvihill et al, 1985(Mulvihill et al, , 1986Kelly et al, 1997). In addition, amniotic fluid has been suggested to play beneficial roles in fetal wound healing (Mast et al, 1992;Adzick and Lorenz, 1994;Özgenel et al, 2001;Levinson et al, 2001), although the mechanism is poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amniotic fluid induces rapid epithelialization in the experimentally ruptured fetal mouse palate - implications for fetal wound healing

Takigawa

Shiota²

2007

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Cleft of the secondary palate is one of the most common congenital birth defects in humans. The primary cause of cleft palate formation is a failure of fusion of bilateral palatal shelves, but rupture of the once fused palate has also been suggested to take place in utero. The possibility of post-fusion rupture of the palate in humans has hardly been accepted, mainly because in all the cleft palate cases, the cleft palatal edge is always covered with intact epithelium. To verify whether the intrauterine environment of the fetus plays roles in wound healing when the once fused palate is torn apart, we artificially tore apart fetal mouse palates after fusion and cultivated them in culture medium with or without mouse or human amniotic fluid. We thereby found that the wounded palatal edge became completely covered with flattened epithelium after 36 hours in culture with amniotic fluid, but not in culture without amniotic fluid. Using histological and scanning electron microscopic analyses of the healing process, it was revealed that the epithelium covering the wound was almost exclusively derived from the adjacent nasal epithelium, but not from the oral epithelium. Such actions of amniotic fluid on the fetal wound were never simulated by exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF), albumin, or both. In addition, the rapid epithelialization induced by amniotic fluid was not prevented by either PD168393 (an inhibitor of the EGF receptor-specific tyrosine kinase) or SB431542 (a specific inhibitor of TGFbeta receptor type I/ALK5). The present study provides new insights into the unique biological actions of amniotic fluid in the repair of injured fetal palate.

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“…Thus, there are advantages to totally defined in vitro techniques in which the different types of MEE differentiation and palatal closure can be reliably reproduced. Published studies on cultured palatal shelves have frequently used complex media, containing animal sera, embryonic extracts, amniotic fluid, and hormones (Pourtois, 1966(Pourtois, , 1968(Pourtois, , 1972Smiley and Koch, 1971, 1975Tyler and Koch, 1975;Goldman et al, 1981). There are drawbacks in serum and extract supplementation: for example, batches vary widely, causing variations in tissue behaviour (Ham, 1974;Mather and Sato, 1979;Sato, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widely differing culture conditions used in previous studies of mammalian palatogenesis have provided conflicting results. Early investigators asserted that contact of the epithelia of two mammalian palatal shelves was a prerequisite for MEE death (Moriarty et al, 1963;Vargas, 1967;Pourtois, 1966Pourtois, ,1968Pourtois, ,1972Goss et al, 1970;GOSS, 1976a,b;Goss and Avery, 19751, whereas it is now more widely believed that contact is unnecessary and that MEE differentiation occurs in organ-cultured single mouse palatal shelves Koch, 1972, 1975;Tyler and Koch, 1975;Pratt and Martin, 1975). It is unknown whether MEE differentiation occurs in cultures of isolated alligator palatal shelves or whether the migrating alligator phenotype is dependent upon shelf contact.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of cultured palatal shelves from alligator, chick, and mouse embryos

1984

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Palatal shelves from embryonic alligators, chicks, and mice were explanted at various stages of development and organ cultured in either chemically defined, serumless media or the same media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Shelves from each vertebrate were either cultured singly or in contact, and heterologous combinations of palatal shelves from different animals were made: chick/mouse, chick/alligator, and mouse/alligator. Epithelial differentiation (particularly that of the medial shelf edge) was assayed by vital staining, histology, and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro medial edge epithelial differentiation, and consequently the mechanisms of palatal closure, were identical to those normally seen in vivo for each species, i.e., cobble-stoned migrating epithelia in the alligator, cell death and fusion in the mouse, and keratinisation and cleft palate in the chick. Differentiation was optimal in the chemically defined, serumless media and was independent of shelf contact in all three species. No heterologous combinations of palatal shelves closed with each other: Evidently, the modes of palatal closure in mice and alligators are sufficiently different to prevent them forming a chimeric palate, whilst neither is capable of inducing closure in a cocultured chick palatal shelf. These unified defined culture conditions make possible a large number of epithelial-mesenchymal recombination studies as well as specific inhibitor, teratogenic, and hormonal investigations.

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Amniotic fluid and palatal fusion in the rat

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Terminal differentiation of palatal medial edge epithelial cells in vitro is not necessarily dependent on palatal shelf contact and midline epithelial seam formation

Terminal differentiation of palatal medial edge epithelial cells in vitro is not necessarily dependent on palatal shelf contact and midline epithelial seam formation

Amniotic fluid induces rapid epithelialization in the experimentally ruptured fetal mouse palate - implications for fetal wound healing

Differentiation of cultured palatal shelves from alligator, chick, and mouse embryos

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