Amnesic Concentrations of the Nonimmobilizer 1,2-Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6, 2N) and Isoflurane Alter Hippocampal θ Oscillations <i>In Vivo</i>

Perouansky, Misha; Hentschke, Harald; Perkins, Mark G.; Pearce, Robert A.

doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000267600.09764.af

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The cannabinoid CP55940 was shown to impair learning in the hippocampus-dependent delayed spatial alternation task in proportion to the degree of selective suppression of θ-power, a correlation that was independent of the locomotion speed 22. Similarly, we showed previously that suppression of θ-power without a change in θ-frequency produced by the nonimmobilizer 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6, 2N)28 also correlated with impairment of contextual FC 8. In fact, the muscarinic receptor blocker scopolamine even accelerates θ-oscillations while impairing learning and memory 40,41.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Slowing of the Hippocampal θ Rhythm Correlates with Anesthetic-induced Amnesia

Perouansky

Rau

Ford³

et al. 2010

Anesthesiology

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Background-Temporary, antegrade amnesia is one of the core desirable endpoints of general anesthesia. Multiple lines of evidence support a role for the hippocampal θ-rhythm, a synchronized rhythmic oscillation of field potentials at 4-12 Hz, in memory formation. Previous studies have revealed a disruption of the θ-rhythm at surgical levels of anesthesia. We hypothesized that modulation of θ-rhythm would also occur at subhypnotic but amnestic concentrations. Therefore we examined the effect of three inhaled agents on properties of the θ-rhythm that are considered to be critical for the formation of hippocampus-dependent memories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Slowing of the Hippocampal θ Rhythm Correlates with Anesthetic-induced Amnesia

Perouansky

Rau

Ford³

et al. 2010

Anesthesiology

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“…In addition to its association with the active waking state in animals, hippocampal θ activity is found during REM sleep, 21 isoflurane exposure, 22 and urethane anesthesia. 4 Therefore, we evaluated whether hippocampal θ activity during isoflurane anesthesia functioned as a surrogate marker for REM sleep–like activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B, Spectral analysis of active waking, REM sleep, and θ -dominant isoflurane (iso) anesthesia: a 1-way analysis of variance indicates that θ frequency during the anesthetized state is significantly lower, which is consistent with previous studies of isoflurane. 22 C, The cumulative probability distributions of the normalized hippocampal θ duration data are presented in semilogarithmic and double logarithmic (inset) scales. The power law fitting for the data of the waking state (square) and anesthesia (circle), as well as the exponential fitting for the sleep data (triangle), are denoted with dotted lines.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflurane Anesthesia Does Not Satisfy the Homeostatic Need for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Mashour¹,

Lipinski²,

Matlen³

et al. 2010

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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BACKGROUND Sleep and general anesthesia are distinct states of consciousness that share many traits. Prior studies suggest that propofol anesthesia facilitates recovery from rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep deprivation, but the effects of inhaled anesthetics have not yet been studied. We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane anesthesia would also facilitate recovery from REM sleep deprivation. METHODS Six rats were implanted with superficial cortical, deep hippocampal, and nuchal muscle electrodes. Animals were deprived of REM sleep for 24 hours and then (1) allowed to sleep ad libitum for 8 hours or (2) were immediately anesthetized with isoflurane for a 4-hour period followed by ad libitum sleep for 4 hours. The percentage of REM and NREM sleep after the protocols was compared with similar conditions without sleep deprivation. Hippocampal θ activity during isoflurane anesthesia was also compared with θ activity during REM sleep and active waking. RESULTS Recovery after deprivation was associated with a 5.7-fold increase (P = 0.0005) in REM sleep in the first 2 hours and a 2.6-fold increase (P = 0.004) in the following 2 hours. Animals that underwent isoflurane anesthesia after deprivation demonstrated a 3.6-fold increase (P = 0.001) in REM sleep in the first 2 hours of recovery and a 2.2-fold increase (P = 0.003) in the second 2 hours. There were no significant differences in REM sleep rebound between the first 4 hours after deprivation and the first 4 hours after both deprivation and isoflurane anesthesia. Hippocampal θ activity during isoflurane anesthesia was not affected by REM sleep deprivation, and the probability distribution of θ events during anesthesia was more similar to that of waking than to REM sleep. CONCLUSION Unlike propofol, isoflurane does not satisfy the homeostatic need for REM sleep. Furthermore, the regulation and organization of hippocampal θ events during anesthesia are unlike sleep. We conclude that different anesthetics have distinct interfaces with sleep.

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“…The importance of theta phase appears repeatedly in the memory literature, and has been linked to successful memory function23–26 memory trace decay,27 and memory-related hippocampo-cortical feedback loops 28–31. It is critical to the induction of LTP,32 a neuroplastic process widely regarded as a key underlying mechanism for memory function, and is also modulated by halogenated volatile anesthetics in vivo 33. Thus, while the P2-N2 complex in no way represents a direct measure of theta synchrony, it is an informed starting point for investigating the relationship between a drug’s amnestic potential and systems-level effects on connectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual P2–N2 Complex and Arousal at the Time of Encoding Predict the Time Domain Characteristics of Amnesia for Multiple Intravenous Anesthetic Drugs in Humans

Pryor

Reinsel²,

Mehta³

et al. 2010

Anesthesiology

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Amnesic Concentrations of the Nonimmobilizer 1,2-Dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6, 2N) and Isoflurane Alter Hippocampal θ Oscillations In Vivo

Abstract: Drug-induced changes in theta oscillations may be a common basis for amnesia produced by F6 and isoflurane. The different patterns suggest that these drugs alter network activity by acting on different molecular and/or cellular targets.

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Slowing of the Hippocampal θ Rhythm Correlates with Anesthetic-induced Amnesia

Slowing of the Hippocampal θ Rhythm Correlates with Anesthetic-induced Amnesia

Isoflurane Anesthesia Does Not Satisfy the Homeostatic Need for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Visual P2–N2 Complex and Arousal at the Time of Encoding Predict the Time Domain Characteristics of Amnesia for Multiple Intravenous Anesthetic Drugs in Humans

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