Ammonium Production in Soil under Waterlogged Conditions as an Index of Nitrogen Availability

Waring, SA; Bremner, J. M.

doi:10.1038/201951a0

Cited by 548 publications

(231 citation statements)

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“…The short-term anaerobic soil incubation method, developed by Waring & Bremner (1964) and modified by Keeney & Bremner (1966), involves the determination of NH 4 + -N in incubated and nonincubated soil and water suspensions. Five-gram soil samples were placed in test tubes (length 15 cm, inner diameter 1.6 cm) with 12.5 mL of deionized water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The short-term (waterlogged) anaerobic incubation method developed by Waring & Bremner (1964) and modified by Keeney & Bremner (1966) involves the determination of available NH 4 + after soil samples were incubated under anaerobic conditions for seven or 14 days. Compared to aerobic incubation, the advantages of this short-term method include the following: only the available NH 4 + -N needs to be determined; appropriate moisture and water levels during incubation are easily stabilized; and a higher amount of N is mineralized (Keeney, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane

Mariano

Leite

Megda

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYConsidering nitrogen mineralization (N) of soil organic matter is a key aspect for the efficient management of N fertilizers in agricultural systems. Long-term aerobic incubation is the standard technique for calibrating the chemical extraction methods used to estimate the potentially mineralizable N in soil. However, the technique is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. In this context, the aims of this study were to determine the amount of soil mineralizable N in the 0-60 cm layer and to evaluate the use of short-term anaerobic incubation instead of longterm aerobic incubation for the estimation of net N mineralization rates in soils under sugarcane. Five soils from areas without previous N fertilization were used in the layers 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Soil samples were aerobically incubated at 35 °C for 32 weeks or anaerobically incubated (waterlogged) at 40 °C for seven days to determine the net soil N mineralization. The sand, silt and clay contents were highly correlated with the indexes used for predicting mineralizable N. The 0-40 cm layer was the best sampling depth for the estimation of soil mineralizable N, while in the 40-60 cm layer net N mineralization was low in both incubation procedures. Anaerobic incubation provided reliable estimates of mineralizable N in the soil that correlated well with the indexes obtained using aerobic incubation. The inclusion of the pre-existing NH 4 + -N content improved the reliability of the estimate of mineralizable N obtained using anaerobic incubation.Index terms: Saccharum spp., net N mineralization, aerobic incubation, anaerobic incubation.(

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane

Mariano

Leite

Megda

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…This was done using the waterlogged procedure of Waring and Bremner (1964), and total-N (<0.25 mm size) by modified Kjeldahl method (Dalal et al . 1984).…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustaining productivity of a Vertosol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 7. Yield, nitrogen and disease-break benefits from lucerne in a two-year lucerne - wheat rotation

Dalal¹,

Weston²,

Strong³

et al. 2004

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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Abstract. Continuous cultivation and cereal cropping of southern Queensland soils previously supporting native vegetation have resulted in reduced soil nitrogen supply, and consequently decreased cereal grain yields and low grain protein. To enhance yields and protein concentrations of wheat, management practices involving N fertiliser application, with no-tillage and stubble retention, grain legumes, and legume leys were evaluated from 1987 to 1998 on a fertility-depleted Vertosol at Warra, southern Queensland. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of lucerne in a 2-year lucerne-wheat rotation for its nitrogen and disease-break benefits to subsequent grain yield and protein content of wheat as compared with continuous wheat cropping.Dry matter production and nitrogen yields of lucerne were closely correlated with the total rainfall for October-September as well as March-September rainfall. Each 100 mm of total rainfall resulted in 0.97 t/ha of dry matter and 26 kg/ha of nitrogen yield. For the March-September rainfall, the corresponding values were 1.26 t/ha of dry matter and 36 kg/ha of nitrogen yield. The latter values were 10% lower than those produced by annual medics during a similar period. Compared with wheat-wheat cropping, significant increases in total soil nitrogen were observed only in 1990, 1992 and 1994 but increases in soil mineralisable nitrogen were observed in most years following lucerne. Similarly, pre-plant nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile following lucerne was higher by 74 kg/ha (9-167 kg N/ha) than that of wheat-wheat without N fertiliser in all years except 1996. Consequently, higher wheat grain protein (7 out of 9 seasons) and grain yield (4 out of 9 seasons) were produced compared with continuous wheat. There was significant depression in grain yield in 2 (1993 and 1995) out of 9 seasons attributed to soil moisture depletion and/or low growing season rainfall. Consequently, the overall responses in yield were lower than those of 50 kg/ha of fertiliser nitrogen applied to wheat-wheat crops, 2-year medic-wheat or chickpea-wheat rotation, although grain protein concentrations were higher following lucerne.The incidence and severity of the soilborne disease, common root rot of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, was generally higher in lucerne-wheat than in continuous wheat with no nitrogen fertiliser applications, since its severity was significantly correlated with plant available water at sowing. No significant incidence of crown rot or root lesion nematode was observed. Thus, productivity, which was mainly due to nitrogen accretion in this experiment, can be maintained where short duration lucerne leys are grown in rotations with wheat.

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“…On the other hand, the faster replacement of nitrate by ammonium in the soil in the tidally treated agricultural grassland monoliths compared to stagnant treatments does not support the alternative explanation directly. It can be seen as an argument in favour of the original hypothesis as it suggests an overall lower oxygen availability in the tidal treatments, with accumulation of ammonium as a consequence (e.g., Waring and Bremner 1964;Buresh and Patrick Jr. 1981;Bowden 1986). However, the apparent lower activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in more oxygen-rich tidal treatments could be subscribed to the fact that they are poorer competitors for oxygen compared to the relatively large population of aerobic decomposers in these soils (Bodelier and Laanbroek 1997).…”

Section: Effects Of Tidementioning

confidence: 96%

Response of nitrogen dynamics in semi-natural and agricultural grassland soils to experimental variation in tide and salinity

et al. 2007

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In the framework of rehabilitation efforts to enhance the ecological value of closed-off estuaries, we studied the effects of restoring a tidal movement and seawater incursion on soil nitrogen conversion rates and vegetation response of semi-natural and agricultural grasslands in an outdoor mesocosm experiment. Intact soil monoliths including vegetation were collected in June 2004 on two locations on the shores of the Haringvliet lagoon in the southwestern part of the Netherlands, which used to be a well-developed estuary before closure in 1970. For more than 1 year, soil monoliths were continuously subjected to a full-factorial combination of tidal treatment [stagnant/tidal (0.20 m amplitude)] and water type [(freshwater, oligohaline (salinity = 3)]. Soil, soil moisture and water nitrogen concentrations were monitored for a year, as well as vegetation response and nitrogen conversion rates in the soil. As expected, nitrogen mineralization rates were enhanced by the tidal treatment in comparison with the stagnant treatment. Denitrification rates however, were much less affected by tide and were even lower in the tidal treatments after 3 months in the agricultural grassland soils, implying that in general, soils were more oxic in the tidal treatments. Oligohaline treatments had virtually no effect on soil nitrogen conversion rates compared to freshwater treatments. Vegetation performance, however, was lower under saline conditions, especially in the semi-natural grassland. No further significant differences in response to the tidal and oligohaline treatments were found between the two soils although they differed strongly in soil characteristics. We conclude that if the rehabilitation measures in the former Haringvliet estuary are carried out as planned, drastic changes in soil nitrogen processes and vegetation composition will not occur.

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Ammonium Production in Soil under Waterlogged Conditions as an Index of Nitrogen Availability

Cited by 548 publications

References 1 publication

Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane

Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable nitrogen in soils under sugarcane

Sustaining productivity of a Vertosol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 7. Yield, nitrogen and disease-break benefits from lucerne in a two-year lucerne - wheat rotation

Response of nitrogen dynamics in semi-natural and agricultural grassland soils to experimental variation in tide and salinity

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