Ammonium perchlorate encapsulating nanothermites as high energetic composites: Preparation, thermal decomposition and combustion properties

“…When the content of HClO 4 reaches a particular concentration, HClO 4 stimulates the N atom in HNS, which makes HNS decompose early and releases a large amount of NO 2 . Moreover, it reverses the oxidation of NH 3 produced by AP decomposition, thus advancing the second process of AP thermal decomposition 25.…”

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confidence: 99%

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Guo

Zhu

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…In addition, the maximum pyrolysis temperature of AP was reduced by 78.8 °C by adding 2 wt % MXene/CuO nanocomposite to the pure AP [15] . Theoretical studies showed that the pyrolysis process in AP was governed by two steps, including the electron transfer from ClO 4 − to NH 4 + and from O 2 (produced by the decomposition of HClO 4 ) to O 2 − [26,27] . The multi‐electron carriers had fast electrons transfer rate and could promote the generation of O 2 − [24,28–29] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…À to NH 4 + and from O 2 (produced by the decomposition of HClO 4 ) to O 2 À . [26,27] The multi-electron carriers had fast electrons transfer rate and could promote the generation of O 2 À . [24,[28][29] As a result, the catalytic performance of n-CuO has been greatly improved by adding the multi-electron carrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate and Decomposition Mechanism by Nano‐CuO Dispersed in Graphite‐Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Composites

Shi

Chang-sheng

et al. 2022

ChemNanoMat

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Enhancing the exothermic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is of great significance to obtain solid propellants with excellent combustion performance. Herein, we prepared a series of composites for catalyzing the exothermic decomposition of AP by a facile method with different masses of nano copper oxide (n-CuO) dispersed in graphene-nitride carbon (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets. Among them, n-CuO-8/g-C 3 N 4 showed the best catalytic activity, which reduced the high-temperature decomposition (HTD) value by 95.0 °C, and increased the total heat release by 505 J • g À 1 . The n-CuO-12/g-C 3 N 4 also reduced the activation energy (E a ) of the HTD stage by 47.34 kJ • mol À 1 . The catalytic mechanism study suggested that the n-CuO-X/g-C 3 N 4 composites promoted the transition of electrons (e À ) and holes (h + ) from ClO 4À to NH 4 + and inhibited the recombination of e À and h + , which further enhanced the exothermic decomposition of AP. During decomposition, the transformation of N 2 O to NO was significantly inhibited by the n-CuO-X/g-C 3 N 4 composites, thus increasing the integral heat release as evidenced by Real-time thermogravimetry/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This study illustrated that n-CuO-X/g-C 3 N 4 composites are catalysts for the efficient decomposition of AP, which further enhance the energy performance of solid propellants.

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“…Catalytic decomposition of solid phases is a significant fundamental process in energy and environmental technologies, such as coal pyrolysis, 1,2 plastic degradation, 3,4 biomass fermentation, 5 and ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition 6–8 . Among these processes, AP decomposition attracts special interest due to its wide application in composite solid propellants (CSPs) for rocket 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitatively evaluating activity and number of catalytic sites on metal oxide for ammonium perchlorate decomposition

et al. 2022

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Ammonium perchlorate (AP) catalytic thermal decomposition by metal oxides is complex and there is still no suitable quantitative evaluation method to characterize intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, a new method to quantitatively evaluate the catalytic capability of metal oxides for AP decomposition has been proposed. We introduce two indicators, intrinsic peak temperature (T Ã HTD ) and catalytic density (ρ T Ã ) in hightemperature decomposition process, to uncouple activity and number of catalyst sites. Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanostructures with different shapes have been used as model catalysts to verify the feasibility of this method. Rod-like α-Fe 2 O 3 shows the best catalytic performance in AP decomposition with the lowest T Ã HTD of 345.1 C and highest ρ T Ã of 0.544, which indicate the largest number and highest activity of catalytic sites. Moreover, these new indicators are theoretically proven to be reasonable by density functional theory calculations.

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Ammonium perchlorate encapsulating nanothermites as high energetic composites: Preparation, thermal decomposition and combustion properties

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

New Insights into the Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate and Decomposition Mechanism by Nano‐CuO Dispersed in Graphite‐Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Composites

Quantitatively evaluating activity and number of catalytic sites on metal oxide for ammonium perchlorate decomposition

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