Ammonium nitrate: a promising rocket propellant oxidizer

Oommen, Charlie; Jain, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(99)00039-4

Cited by 253 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…It is a cheap and readily available solid oxidizer. It is widely used in gas generators, explosives, and automotive air bags [1,2]. However, the application of AN in rocket motors is limited because of its crystallographic phase changes near to room temperature, high hygroscopicity, low energetics, low burning rate, and inability to burn metallic fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics Studies of AN, KDN and Their Mixtures with and without Catalysts

Kumar¹,

Joshi²

2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Potassium dinitramide (KDN) was incorporated in ammonium nitrate (AN) crystals in AN/KDN ratio of 90/10, 75/25 and 50/50 by a co-crystallization method. These mixtures were subjected to thermal decompositional studies (DSC-TG) using a Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA). The catalysts used for the present studies were: i) cupric(II) oxide (CuO) and, ii) copper-cobalt based metal oxide (Cu-Co * ). For all catalytic samples, 2% by weight percent of catalyst was added to the total weight of the samples. Thermal decomposition studies were carried out for all the oxidizer samples prepared. Thermal decompositional studies were carried out at three different heating rates, i.e. 3 K/min, 5 K/min and 10 K/min, and the kinetic parameters were computed using the model free FlynnWall-Ozawa equation. It has been observed that 50% KDN addition resulted in complete suppression of endothermicity indicating total supression of the phase changes of AN in this temperature range. Further, it was noticed that CuO acts as a better phase stabilizer for AN as compared to Cu-Co * . However, Cu-Co * considerably increased the net exothermic decompositional heat release (J/g) of AN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics Studies of AN, KDN and Their Mixtures with and without Catalysts

Kumar¹,

Joshi²

2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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“…The highest maximum pressures and pressure in the chamber were observed for higher values of the loading densities. For example, for a loading density of 0.3 g/cm 3 , the pressure of gaseous products generated in the combustion process was about 38 MPa and the pressure in the chamber was about 24 MPa, as shown in Figures 14 and 15. In the thermodynamic calculations, the theoretical value of pressure in the chamber was higher, about 40 MPa (Figure 7).…”

Section: Underwater Tests In Pressure Chambersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This method has been described in more detail elsewhere [19,[28][29][30][31][32]. The volume of the chamber was 75 cm 3 . In these experiments, a steel nozzle with a diameter of about 1.6 mm was used.…”

Section: Measuring Arrangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AN samples with 32 mm diameter were tested in a pressure chamber with internal volume about 1160 cm 3 . The samples were protected in a heat-shrinkable shield ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Measuring Arrangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common and effective additive for AN-based propellants is magnesium. There are several references [3,[17][18][19][20][21] that discuss a number of experimental propellant formulations that use magnesium because of its high burn temperature. The combustion of magnesium is highly exothermic, and provides the thermal energy to flash the released water as steam, which then reacts with the metal in a self-sustaining manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Ammonium Nitrate(V)–based Solid Propellants for Fracturing Wells

Hadzik¹,

Wilk²,

Frodyma³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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This paper investigates the possibility of using ammonium nitrate(V)-based solid propellants for fracturing wells in borehole mining. Various modified propellant compositions with ammonium nitrate(V) and polyurethanes were prepared. Using laboratory rocket motors (LRMs) and underwater tests in pressure chambers, the energetic parameters (i.e., maximum pressure of the gaseous products and pressure impulse) for the selected AN-propellants were determined. Furthermore, thermodynamic analyses for these propellants were performed. The influence of the proposed additives on the energetic parameters (i.e., calorific value and specific energy) was shown. The gas volume generated per unit volume of propellant, which is an important parameter in the process of hydraulic fracturing, was estimated.

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Seed Gums

Dierckx¹,

Dewettinck²

2002

Biopolymers Online

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Introduction Historical Outline Chemical Structures Occurrence Introduction Carob Bean Guar Tara Gum Functions Biochemistry Biodegradation Production Processes and Producers World Market Applications Outlook and Perspectives Patents

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Ammonium nitrate: a promising rocket propellant oxidizer

Cited by 253 publications

References 68 publications

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics Studies of AN, KDN and Their Mixtures with and without Catalysts

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics Studies of AN, KDN and Their Mixtures with and without Catalysts

Experimental Study on Ammonium Nitrate(V)–based Solid Propellants for Fracturing Wells

Seed Gums

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