Ammonium and potassium removal for anaerobically digested wastewater using natural clinoptilolite followed by membrane pretreatment

Evaluation of Different Clinoptilolite Zeolites as Adsorbent for Ammonium Removal from Highly Concentrated Synthetic Wastewater

“…These observations are consistent with the results published by Li et al [40] and Guo et al [41]. The authors investigated the elimination of ammonium by CLI from China and USA and stated that there is no change in the elimination or loading in a pH range of 5 or 6 to 9.…”

Modification on natural clinoptilolite zeolite for its NH4+ retention capacity

“…The particle size of clinoptilolite (NZeo) was about 2.5 m while after milling it reduced to <1 m and the NH 4 + sorption capacity was 1.39 mmol/g. In previous reports, the NH 4 + sorption capacities of Turkish clinoptilolite of the size range of 1.0-1.4 mm, Na-clinoptilolite of the size range of 0.5-0.71 mm from New Zealand and Na-clinoptilolite of the size range of 0.25-2.36 mm from USA were 0.45, 0.66 and 1.14 mmol/g, respectively [19,20,6].…”

“…Clinoptilolite zeolites, (Na 3 K 3 )(Al 6 Si 30 O 72 )·24H 2 O, are one of the naturally existing zeolites. The theoretical cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of clinoptilolite is about 2.16 mequiv./g and is able to exchange ammonium-N with sodium and potassium [2].…”

“…This zeolite has been broadly investigated as ion exchanger for ammonium ion removal due to its high selectivity [6][7][8]. The selectivity of ion exchange on this natural clinoptilolite was reported in an order of K + > NH 4 + > Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ [9][10][11].…”

Characteristics of Elovich equation used for the analysis of adsorption kinetics in dye-chitosan systems

“…Many adsorption systems with metals (Pb 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cr 6+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , Se 4+ , As 5+ , K + , Pb 2+ , etc.) have been described by Elovich equation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The kinetic behavior of many adsorption systems with a mildly rising tendency has also suitably been described by Elovich equation (no shown).…”