Ammonium and nitrate uptake rates and rhizosphere pH in non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]

Marschner, H.; Häussling, M.; George, Eckhard

doi:10.1007/bf00225330

Cited by 241 publications

(172 citation statements)

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“…In laboratory studies of spruce and Scots pine, rates of ammonium uptake were 3 to 4 times higher than rates of nitrate uptake (Marschner et al, 1991 ;Flaig & Mohr, 1992). However, differences in uptake kinetics alone cannot explain why spruce and beech trees did not usually take up nitrate.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As in herbaceous plants (Lee & Drew, 1989), nitrate uptake by roots of coniferous trees is strongly inhibited when ammonium is available (Scheromm & Plassard, 1988 ;Marschner, Ha$ ussling & George, 1991 ;. Similarly, nitrate uptake by the roots of beech trees was strongly inhibited when they were exposed simultaneously to ammonium (Kreuzwieser et al, 1997).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

et al. 1998

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During the vegetation periods 1994 and 1995, net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by roots of adult spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees was studied at a field site exposed to high loads of N (' Ho$ glwald ', Germany). In addition, uptake experiments were carried out under controlled conditions with young spruce and beech trees grown at normal N supply.In the field, nitrate was not taken up by the roots of spruce trees in appreciable amounts. This was also true for beech except during September 1995. Apparently, beech trees was capable of taking up nitrate, but the environmental condition prevailing at the field site usually prevented net uptake. Net uptake of ammonium in both tree species showed a seasonal course, with maximum rates in mid summer. Rates of ammonium uptake by both species correlated with soil temperature at the field site.Laboratory experiments on the influence of root temperature on uptake of nitrate indicated that uptake rates at temperatures found in the field were low compared with the uptake capacity at optimum temperature. At temperatures of 10 and 15 mC, frequently found in the soil at the field site, net uptake of nitrate by spruce and beech amounted to c. 16 % and 11 %, respectively, of maximum uptake at 25 mC. By contrast, net uptake of ammonium at 10 mC reached 73 % and 31 % of the maximum uptake for spruce and beech trees, respectively. Independent of temperature, rates of nitrate uptake were considerably lower than those of ammonium. In young spruce and beech trees, net uptake of nitrate was significantly inhibited by ammonium at nitrate : ammonium ratios found in the soil solution at the forest site. Preincubation of roots of both species, with amino acids present in the phloem of adult trees at the field site, led to an increase in the amino acid pool in the roots. For spruce trees a correlation between inhibition of uptake of nitrate and enrichment of the roots with the amino compounds Glu, γ-amino butyric acid (Gaba), Gln, and Asn was observed. In beech trees, enrichment of Asp and Gln in the roots correlated with a decrease in net uptake of nitrate. The results of laboratory experiments on the effects of temperature, the nitrate to ammonium ratio in the nutrient solution, and amino acid enrichment in the roots are discussed with special emphasis on the patterns of net uptake of ammonium and nitrate observed in the field.Key words : Nitrate uptake, ammonium uptake, soil temperature, nitrate to ammonium ratio, amino acids. In forest ecosystems, nitrate and ammonium are the most abundant N compounds available to the roots * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail : here!sun2.ruf.uni-freiburg.de of trees. Total amounts of nitrate and ammonium, and the ratio of nitrate to ammonia depend on quality and quantity of N input and on the balance of ammonification, nitrification, immobilization and denitrification processes in the soil (Haynes & Goh,

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

et al. 1998

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“…These changes in pH were observed both in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. This fluctuation is mainly due to a preferred uptake of NH % + over NO $ − , when both ions are present in the solution, a well known aspect of N uptake in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal conifers (Marschner et al, 1991 ;Eltrop & Marschner, 1996 ;Kronzucker et al, 1996). Over the pH range observed, phosphate will be present primarily as the monovalent H # PO % − species, the form that is taken up in plants and fungi.…”

Section: P I Uptake Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Short‐term phosphorus uptake rates in mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal roots of intact Pinus sylvestris seedlings

et al. 1999

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Short-term phosphate uptake rates were measured on intact ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings using a new, non-destructive method. Uptake was quantified in semihydroponics from the depletion of P i in a nutrient solution percolating through plant containers. Plants were grown for 1 or 2 months after inoculation at a low relative nutrient addition rate of 3 % d −" and under P limitation. Four ectomycorrhizal fungi were studied : Paxillus involutus, Suillus luteus, Suillus bovinus and Thelephora terrestris. The P i -uptake capacity of mycorrhizal plants increased sharply in the month after inoculation. The increase was dependent on the development of the mycobionts. A positive correlation was found between the P i -uptake rates of the seedlings and the active fungal biomass in the substrate as measured by the ergosterol assay. The highest P i -uptake rates were found in seedlings associated with fungi producing abundant external mycelia. At an external P i concentration of 10 µM, mycorrhizal seedlings reached uptake rates that were 2.5 (T. terrestris) to 8.7 (P. involutus) times higher than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. The increased uptake rates did not result in an increased transfer of nutrients to the plant tissues. Nutrient depletion was ultimately similar between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants in the semihydroponic system. Net P i absorption followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics : uptake rates declined with decreasing P i concentrations in the nutrient solution. This reduction was most pronounced in nonmycorrhizal seedlings and plants colonized by T. terrestris. The results confirm that there is considerable heterogeneity in affinity for P i uptake among the different mycobionts. It is concluded that the external mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi strongly influence the P i -uptake capacity of the pine seedlings, and that some mycobionts are well equipped to compete with other soil microorganisms for P i present at low concentrations in soil solution.

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“…Moreover, Marschner, Ha$ ussling & George (1991) found that the net uptake of NO $ − by non-mycorrhizal Norway spruce was very low until the concentration of NH % + had declined below 100 µ, irrespective of the external NO $ − concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In calcareous or amended soils, however, nitrate may become an increasingly important nitrogen source and the concentration of nitrate could exceed ammonium concentration by several fold (Cle! ment, Garbaye & Le Tacon, 1977 ;Marschner, Ha$ ussling & George, 1991). The ability of the external mycelium to assimilate a wide range of inorganic and organic nitrogen compounds has been reported (Melin & Nilson, 1952, 1953Abuzinadah & Read, 1986Finlay et al, 1988Finlay et al, , 1989.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth characteristics, nitrogen uptake and enzyme activities of the nitrate-utilising ectomycorrhizal Scleroderma verrucosum

Putra

Berredjem

Chalot

et al. 1999

Mycological Research

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The growth characteristics and uptake capacities for NO $ − and NH % + , as well as activities of nitrogen assimilating-enzymes have been determined in Scleroderma verrucosum. Biomass, grown on agar or liquid MMN media, was higher on nitrate. When S. verrucosum was grown in the presence of equal amounts of ammonium and nitrate, uptake rate for NH % + was considerably higher than that of NO $ − . In addition, it was found that a limitation in ammonium concentration was a prerequisite for nitrate uptake. Nitrate reductase was stimulated when the fungus was transferred from ammonium to nitrate containing media, indicating that the enzyme was inducible by nitrate and repressed by ammonium. Glutamine synthetase and NAD-glutamate synthase activities were clearly detected in S. verrucosum, while the NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase was almost undetectable. This is consistent with the view that ammonium assimilation occurs through the GS\GOGAT cycle in S. verrucosum.Nitrogen availability is frequently a major factor limiting forest growth and the contribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the nitrogen nutrition of their host plants has been demonstrated (Bowen & Smith, 1981 ;Finlay, Frostegard & Sonnerfeldt, 1992 ;Thomson et al., 1994 ;Ge! ne! re! , 1995). In ecosystems such as boreal forests, ammonium is a major inorganic nitrogen source and nitrate is usually available at low concentrations (Adam & Attiwill, 1982). In calcareous or amended soils, however, nitrate may become an increasingly important nitrogen source and the concentration of nitrate could exceed ammonium concentration by several fold (Cle! ment, Garbaye & Le Tacon, 1977 ;Marschner, Ha$ ussling & George, 1991). The ability of the external mycelium to assimilate a wide range of inorganic and organic nitrogen compounds has been reported (Melin & Nilson, 1952, 1953Abuzinadah & Read, 1986Finlay et al., 1988Finlay et al., , 1989. In pure culture, most ectomycorrhizal fungi grow better on ammonium than on nitrate (Lundeberg, 1970 ;Abuzinadah & Read, 1988 ;Finlay, Frostegard & Sonnerfeldt, 1992). Several ectomycorrhizal fungi, however, such as Laccaria laccata (Ahmad et al., 1990), Pisolithus tinctorius (France & Reid, 1984 ;Plassard et al., 1991) and Hebeloma cylindrosporum (Scheromm, Plassard & Salsac, 1990 a, b) can easily take up and assimilate nitrate. Indeed, Sarjala (1990) reported that nitrate-reducing capacity differs among mycorrhizal species and differences between species and strains depend on the concentration of substrate available to the fungus.It is generally accepted that ectomycorrhizal fungi assimilate NO $ − through the involvement of nitrate reductase (EC * Corresponding author.1;6;6;3) and nitrite reductase (EC 1;6;6;4) enzymes, while NH % + produced by both enzymes or assimilated from the external mycelium will be metabolized into glutamate and glutamine by the action of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH, EC 1;4;1;4) and glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6;3;1;2)\glutamate synthase (EC 1;4; 1;14) (GS\GOGAT) cycle (Botton & Chalot, 1...

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Ammonium and nitrate uptake rates and rhizosphere pH in non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]

Cited by 241 publications

References 35 publications

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

Field and laboratory experiments on net uptake of nitrate and ammonium by the roots of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

Short‐term phosphorus uptake rates in mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal roots of intact Pinus sylvestris seedlings

Growth characteristics, nitrogen uptake and enzyme activities of the nitrate-utilising ectomycorrhizal Scleroderma verrucosum

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