Ammonium and nitrate in soil and upland rice yield as affected by cover crops and their desiccation time

Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa; Cobucci, T.

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2012001200004

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The levels of ammonium ( Figure 2a) and nitrate ( Figure 2b) increased with increasing N doses applied to the soil cultivated with upland rice. Pacheco et al (2011), Nascente et al (2012) and also reported an increase in nitrate and ammonium levels in the soil after the application of urea. Although urea was used as a fertilizer, the ammonium levels were much lower than the nitrate in the soil at all evaluated times, including the soil that had not received topdressing fertilization one day after sowing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The soil solution was extracted with KCl (2 mol L -1 ), and ammonium and nitrate determinations were carried out by spectrophotometry coupled to the Flow Injection Analysis system (Nascente et al 2012). The biomass carbon was determined according to Vance et al (1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A soil with large amounts of N-NO 3 -may decrease the dry matter production and grain yield in plants such as upland rice, which has a low capacity to reduce nitrate (Ali et al 2007). Kluthcouski et al (2000), Soares (2004) and Nascente et al (2011aNascente et al ( , 2011bNascente et al ( and 2012 suggest that one of the causes for failure of rice crops in no-tillage farming is the fact that the plants, in early growth stages, present low capacity to reduce N-NO 3 -, due to low activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme, which converts nitrate into nitrite (Nambiar et al 1988, Moro et al 2014. The use of alternatives that provide increased nitrate reductase enzyme activity, at the beginning of plant development, may enable, in part, the introduction of upland rice in the no-tillage farming system (Cazetta & Villela 2004).…”

Section: Palavras-chavementioning

confidence: 99%

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Straw and early nitrogen fertilization affect soil properties and upland rice yield

Nascente

Lanna

2016

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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The presence of cover crop straw and early application of total N at sowing may provide significant changes in the microbial population, reflecting on the N dynamics in the soil and in upland rice plants. This study aimed at determining the effect of the early application of nitrogen doses as mineral N and microbial biomass carbon in the soil, as well as in the activity of nitrate reductase, and grain yield of upland rice plants cultivated under no-tillage system (NTS). A randomized blocks design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of N doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) and the presence or absence of U. brizantha cover straw. Maintaining the straw on the soil surface reduces the ammonium levels and increases the microbial biomass carbon content of the soil. The application of increasing doses of N in the soil provides increases in the levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil up to 28 days after emergence. The activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme in the plants increases and the contents of ammonium and nitrate in the soil decrease with the crop development. The number of panicles and grain yield of upland rice increase with the increase of the nitrogen fertilization, but decrease in the presence of U. brizantha straw. Thus, it is recommend the use of early N fertilization in upland rice crop.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Palavras-chavementioning

confidence: 99%

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Straw and early nitrogen fertilization affect soil properties and upland rice yield

Nascente

Lanna

2016

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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“…For rice it seems that this period must be greater, about 30 days before rice sowing. Nascente et al (2012a) under field conditions reported that Brachiaria ruziziensis desiccated 30 days before rice sowing allow the highest grain yield. Matallo et al (2009) add that due to systemic nature of glyphosate its effect on plants is slow and coverage takes a few days to die completely.…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, at the cash crop sowing day cover crops are not completely dry and with high amount of biomass it can cause difficulties to cut their leaves by the discs of the planter (Grisso et al, 2002;Nascente et al, 2013c). In addition, other factors such as an initial shading in the crops, possible translocation of herbicide from target plants (cover crops) to non-target plants (cash crops), increasing demand for nitrogen by decomposing microorganisms, allelopathic effects and other aspects still must be studied, understood and avoided (Weston, 1990;Miyazawa et al, 2002;Barbosa et al, 2008;Nascente et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upland rice yield as affected by Brachiaria coverage management

Nascente

Stone

Guimarães

2015

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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A B S T R A C TAn important point in no-tillage system is the time between cover crop glyphosate desiccation and rice sowing. This study aimed to verify the effect of Brachiaria ruziziensis management time before rice sowing on rice yield and its components. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and consisted of four types of B. ruziziensis management: with Brachiaria and with herbicide (WBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and with herbicide (NBWH), without Brachiaria shoots and without herbicide (NBNH), and with Brachiaria and without herbicide (WBNH), at four times: 30, 20, 10, and 0 days, preceding the rice sowing. The amount of B. ruziziensis dry matter increased as the management was done closer to the rice sowing date. The WBWH and WBNH managements (this one causes the lowest rice grain yield) must be done 30 days before rice sowing; while NBWH management must be done ten or more days before rice sowing. On the other hand, NBNH management (this one favors the best rice grain yield) can be done until rice sowing day. Despite some reduction in rice yield caused by the B. ruziziensis management, when it was done at the proper time the rice grain yield was similar to the control (without Brachiaria sowing and without herbicide application).Produtividade do arroz de terras altas em função do manejo da cobertura de Brachiaria R E S U M ONo sistema de plantio direto é importante o tempo entre a dessecação da cobertura com glifosato e a semeadura do arroz. Este estudo objetivou verificar o efeito da época de manejo da Brachiaria ruziziensis antes da semeadura do arroz na produtividade do arroz e seus componentes de produção. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com quatro tipos de manejo da B. ruziziensis: com Brachiaria e com herbicida (CBCH), sem a parte aérea da Brachiaria e com herbicida (SBCH), com Brachiaria e sem herbicida (CBSH) e sem a parte aérea da Brachiaria e sem herbicida (SBSH), em quatro épocas: 30, 20, 10 e 0 dias anteriores à semeadura do arroz. A matéria seca de B. ruziziensis aumentou à medida que o manejo foi realizado próximo à semeadura do arroz. Os manejos CBCH e CBSH (este proporcionou a menor produtividade de arroz) devem ser feitos 30 dias antes da semeadura do arroz; já o manejo SBCH deve ser feito dez ou mais dias antes da semeadura. O manejo SBSH, que proporcionou a maior produtividade de arroz, pode ser feito até o dia da semeadura do arroz. Apesar de alguma redução na produtividade causada pelo manejo da B. ruziziensis, quando ele foi feito no momento adequado a produtividade do arroz foi semelhante ao controle (sem semeadura da Brachiaria e sem herbicida).

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Seasonal soil nitrogen dynamics affect yields of lowland rice in the savanna zone of West Africa

Yameogo

Becker

Segda

2020

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background: Rice production in low‐input systems of West Africa relies largely on nitrogen supply from the soil. Especially in the dry savanna agro‐ecological zone, soil organic N is mineralized during the transition period between the dry and the wet seasons. In addition, in the inland valley landscape, soil N that is mineralized on slopes may be translocated as nitrate into the lowlands. There, both in‐situ mineralized as well as the laterally translocated nitrate‐N will be exposed to anaerobic conditions and is thus prone to losses. Aim: We determined the dynamics of soil NO3‐N along a valley toposequence during the dry‐to‐wet season transition period and the effects of soil N‐conserving production strategies on the grain yield of rainfed lowland rice grown during the subsequent wet season. Methods: Field experiments in Dano (Burkina Faso) assessed during two consecutive years the temporal dynamics and spatial fluxes of soil nitrate along a toposequence. We applied sequential and depth‐stratified soil nitrate analysis and nitrate absorption in ion exchange resin capsules in lowlands that were open to subsurface interflow and in those where the interflow from the was intercepted. During one year only we also assessed the effect of pre‐rice vegetation on conserving this NO3‐N as well as on N addition by biological N2 fixation in legumes using δ15N isotope dilution. Finally, we determined the impact of soil N fluxes and their differential management during the transition season on growth, yield and N use of rainfed lowland rice. Results: Following the first rainfall event of the season, soil NO3‐N initially accumulated and subsequently decreased gradually in the soil of the valley slope. Much of this nitrate N was translocated by lateral sub‐surface flow into the valley bottom wetland. There, pre‐rice vegetation was able to absorb much of the in‐situ mineralized and the laterally‐translocated soil NO3‐N, reducing its accumulation in the soil from 40–43 kg N ha−1 under a bare fallow to 1–23 kg N ha−1 in soils covered by vegetation. Nitrogen accumulation in the biomass of the transition season crops ranged from 44 to 79 kg N ha−1 with a 36–39% contribution from biological N2 fixation in the case of legumes. Rice agronomic performance improved following the incorporation as green manure of this “nitrate catching” vegetation, with yields increasing up to 3.5 t ha−1 with N2‐fixing transition seasons crops. Conclusion: Thus, integrating transition season legumes during the pre‐rice cropping niche in the prevailing low‐input systems in inland valleys of the dry savanna zone of West Africa can temporarily conserve substantial amounts of soil NO3‐N. It can also add biologically‐fixed N, thus contributing to increase rice yields in the short‐term and, in the long‐term, possibly maintaining or improving soil fertility in the lowland.

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Ammonium and nitrate in soil and upland rice yield as affected by cover crops and their desiccation time

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Straw and early nitrogen fertilization affect soil properties and upland rice yield

Straw and early nitrogen fertilization affect soil properties and upland rice yield

Upland rice yield as affected by Brachiaria coverage management

Seasonal soil nitrogen dynamics affect yields of lowland rice in the savanna zone of West Africa

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