Ammonia Volatilization from Urea as Influenced by Soil Temperature, Soil Water Content, and Nitrification and Hydrolysis Inhibitors

Clay, David E.; Malzer, G. L.; Anderson, James L.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400010042x

Cited by 121 publications

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“…As soil temperature increased, the difference between rates diminished. The duration of NBPT activity is shorter at higher temperatures because of increased urease activity (Clay et al 1990;Bremner et al 1991). Under these conditions a greater concentration of NBPT is required to achieve a level of inhibition equivalent to when loss potential is low, such as when the soil is cool.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT

Rawluk¹,

Grant²,

Racz³

2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

148

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. 2001. Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 239-246. Loss of N as ammonia (NH 3 ) from surface-applied urea fertilizer may be high if hydrolysis takes place at the soil surface. The urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) may reduce NH 3 loss from urea by delaying hydrolysis. Field studies using surface chambers were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to compare the amount of NH 3 volatilized from surface applications of granular urea (100 kg N ha -1 ) treated with varying concentrations of NBPT (0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% NBPT wt/wt). The studies were conducted on two Orthic Black Chernozemic soils, a Stockton fine sandy loam and a Newdale clay loam, in May and again in July to determine the relative influence of soil texture and temperature on NBPT performance at the varying rates. Ammonia losses were measured at various times to 12 d after fertilization (DAF) in 1996 and to 21 DAF in 1997. Total NH 3 losses decreased in the order of 0% > 0.05% > 0.15% ≥ 0.10% where use of NBPT reduced total NH 3 loss by 28-88% over the entire study duration, and by 82 to 96% during periods of peak loss from unamended urea. Ammonia volatilization losses from NBPT-amended urea treatments were lower in May than in July. The total loss measured at all rates of NBPT was higher for the fine sandy loam soil except in May 1997 where cool conditions resulted in slightly lower loss than for the clay loam soil. Amending urea with NBPT at a rate as low as 0.05% wt/wt can reduce NH 3 loss from surface-placed urea fertilizer, so that a greater proportion of fertilizer N is retained in the soil for plant use. The inhibitor helps reduce the amount of NH 3 derived from urea entering the atmosphere to react or to be deposited elsewhere, and may lessen the need to overfertilize to compensate for potential NH 3 losses. Le N-(n-butyl)-triamide de l'acide thiophosphorique (NBPT) est un inhibiteur de l'uréase et pourrait réduire les pertes de NH 3 de l'urée en retardant l'hydrolyse. En 1996 et 1997, les auteurs ont effectué des études sur le terrain au moyen de chambres de surface en vue de comparer la quantité de NH 3 qui s'échappe dans l'air consécutivement à l'application d'urée granulaire (100 kg N ha -1 ) renfermant une quantité variable de NBPT (0, 0,05, 0,10 et 0,15 % en poids). Les essais se sont effectués sur deux tchernozems orthiques noirs, soit un fin loam sablonneux Stockton et un loam argileux Newdale, en mai puis en juillet, et devaient préciser l'influence relative de la texture et de la température du sol sur l'efficacité du NBPT aux concentrations à l'étude. Les auteurs ont mesuré la perte d'ammoniac à divers moments jusqu'à 12 jours après la fertilisation (JAF) en 1996 et 21 JAF en 1997. La perte totale de NH 3 diminue dans la séquence 0 % > 0,05 % > 0,15 % ≥ 0,10 %, et l'addition de NBPT a réduit la perte totale de NH 3 de 28 à 88 % pendant la durée de l'étude et de 82 à 96 % lors des périodes où les pertes de l'urée non traitées étaien...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treating urea fertilizer with the urease inhibitor NBPT may reduce NH 3 loss from surface applications (Clay et al 1990;Bremner et al 1991). Once applied to the soil, NBPT converts to its oxon analog N-(n-butyl) phosphoric triamide (NBPTO), which is the actual inhibitor of urease activity (McCarty et al 1989;Creason et al 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT

Rawluk¹,

Grant²,

Racz³

2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

148

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“…Among alternative N sources, applications of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to the soil surface can reduce NH 3 volatilization (Lara Cabezas et al, 1997a) due to acid-base reactions and the presence of NO 3 -and SO 4 2-anions, which favor vertical NH 4 + soil displacement (Lara Cabezas et al, 1997a, b;Kiehl, 1989). Controlled-release sources of N and fertilizers containing urease inhibitors can be used to increase N efficiency; however, the results obtained from these fertilizers are highly variable and range from null or negative (Rozas et al, 1999) to positive (Clay et al, 1990). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Fontoura¹,

Bayer

2010

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYAmmonia (NH 3 ) volatilization can reduce the efficiency of urea applied to the surface of no-till (NT) soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the magnitude of NH 3 losses from surface-applied urea and to determine if this loss justifies the urea incorporation in soil or its substitution for other N sources under the subtropical climatic conditions of South-Central region of Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment, performed over four harvesting seasons in a clayey Hapludox followed a randomized block design with four replicates. A single dose of N (150 kg ha -1 ) to V5 growth stage of corn cultivated under NT system was applied and seven treatments were evaluated, including surface-applied urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea with urease inhibitor, controlled-release N source, a liquid N source, incorporated urea, and a control treatment with no N application. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated for 20 days after N application using a semiopen static system. The average cumulative NH 3 loss due to the superficial application of urea was low (12.5 % of the applied N) compared to the losses observed in warmer regions of Southeastern Brazil (greater than 50 %). The greatest NH 3 losses were observed in dry years (up to 25.4 % of the applied N), and losses decreased exponentially as the amount of rainfall after N application increased. Incorporated urea and alternative N sources, with the exception of controlled-release N source, decreased NH 3 volatilization in comparison with surface-applied urea. Urea incorporation is advantageous for the reduction of NH 3 volatilization; however, other aspects as its low operating efficiency should be considered before this practice is adopted. In the South-Central region of Paraná, the low NH 3 losses from the surface-applied urea in NT system due to wet springs and mild temperatures do not justify its replacement for other N sources.Index terms: nitrogen fertilizer, urea, corn, urease.(

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“…The delay in this peak in our study is probably due to the low temperatures during the experimental period, a mean of 15 °C (Figure 1), and this may have negatively affected urease activity and urea hydrolysis (Clay et al, 1990). Tasca et al (2011) found that ammonia volatilization following urea application was 30 % higher at a temperature of 35 °C than at 18 °C.…”

Section: Peak Of Volatilizationmentioning

confidence: 61%

Addition of Urease Inhibitor Has No Effect on Ammonia Volatilization Following Soil Application of Poultry Litter or Organomineral Fertilizer, Unlike Urea

Lourenço

Ernani

Corrêa

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Quantification of ammonia volatilization after addition of animal residues and nitrogen (N) mineral fertilizers to the soil is important for N management in fertilization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a urease inhibitor to N fertilizers to minimize ammonia losses following soil application. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory with samples of a Brazilian Oxisol containing 790 g kg -1 clay and 23 g kg -1 organic matter. Treatments consisted of addition of poultry litter (PL), organic mineral fertilizer (OMF) and urea to the soil, with and without the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), plus a control with no fertilizer. We applied the fertilizers over the soil surface, with no soil incorporation, at a rate of 200 mg kg -1 N. Experimental units consisted of PVC tubes with a diameter of 0.15 m, containing 1.0 kg of soil (dry basis). Ammonia volatilization was measured for 56 days following fertilizer application to the soil using sponge discs impregnated with phosphoric acid and glycerin, which were fitted inside the tubes 0.15 m above the soil surface. Ammonia volatilization peaks varied according to the fertilizer, and most of them occurred in the first 15 days following application to the soil. Total ammonia volatilized from the soil treated with PL or OMF had no influence on the urease inhibitor, probably because the losses were small, attaining a maximum of 2.5 and 9 % of the total N applied, respectively. In the treatment that received urea, NBPT delayed the peak of volatilization by three weeks and decreased the loss of ammonia from 22 to 9 % of the N applied. Use of urease inhibitor does not always decrease ammonia volatilization, especially when mixed with fertilizers in which urea is not the only source of N.

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Ammonia Volatilization from Urea as Influenced by Soil Temperature, Soil Water Content, and Nitrification and Hydrolysis Inhibitors

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT

Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Addition of Urease Inhibitor Has No Effect on Ammonia Volatilization Following Soil Application of Poultry Litter or Organomineral Fertilizer, Unlike Urea

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