Ammonia Volatilization from Surface‐Applied Urea: Effect of Hydrogen Ion Buffering Capacity

Ferguson, Richard B.; Kissel, D. E.; Koelliker, J. K.; Basel, Wes

doi:10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800030022x

Cited by 129 publications

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“…In contrast to the effects of urea hydrolysis, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate reduce NH 3 volatilization because they do not increase the pH of the soil surrounding the granule when they dissolve (Ferguson et al, 1984;Cantarella, 2007). Another factor that contributes to reduced ammonia losses from ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate is the presence of SO 4 2-and NO 3 -anions, which favor the migration of NH 4 + to regions with a lower pH and the retention of ammonia in soil colloids (Fenn & Hossner, 1985).…”

Section: Effects Of Urea Incorporation and Other N Sources On N-nh 3 mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, N volatilization is favored by high urease activity in the surface layer of no-tilled soils (Barreto & Westerman, 1989) and the presence of straw on the soil surface, which limits contact between the soil and the fertilizer (Menguel, 1996). However, high soil moisture, organic matter content and CEC levels in the surface layer of NT soils are important factors increasing the buffer capacity of soil pH variation (Vieira et al, 2008) with possible effects decreasing NH 3 volatilization (Ferguson et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Fontoura¹,

Bayer

2010

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYAmmonia (NH 3 ) volatilization can reduce the efficiency of urea applied to the surface of no-till (NT) soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the magnitude of NH 3 losses from surface-applied urea and to determine if this loss justifies the urea incorporation in soil or its substitution for other N sources under the subtropical climatic conditions of South-Central region of Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment, performed over four harvesting seasons in a clayey Hapludox followed a randomized block design with four replicates. A single dose of N (150 kg ha -1 ) to V5 growth stage of corn cultivated under NT system was applied and seven treatments were evaluated, including surface-applied urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea with urease inhibitor, controlled-release N source, a liquid N source, incorporated urea, and a control treatment with no N application. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated for 20 days after N application using a semiopen static system. The average cumulative NH 3 loss due to the superficial application of urea was low (12.5 % of the applied N) compared to the losses observed in warmer regions of Southeastern Brazil (greater than 50 %). The greatest NH 3 losses were observed in dry years (up to 25.4 % of the applied N), and losses decreased exponentially as the amount of rainfall after N application increased. Incorporated urea and alternative N sources, with the exception of controlled-release N source, decreased NH 3 volatilization in comparison with surface-applied urea. Urea incorporation is advantageous for the reduction of NH 3 volatilization; however, other aspects as its low operating efficiency should be considered before this practice is adopted. In the South-Central region of Paraná, the low NH 3 losses from the surface-applied urea in NT system due to wet springs and mild temperatures do not justify its replacement for other N sources.Index terms: nitrogen fertilizer, urea, corn, urease.(

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Section: Effects Of Urea Incorporation and Other N Sources On N-nh 3 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Fontoura¹,

Bayer

2010

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Porém, o N apresenta uma dinâmica extremamente complexa no cultivo do arroz, com grande variabilidade nas suas formas químicas em função da umidade do solo (condições aeróbias ou anaeróbias), refletindo diretamente sobre a eficiência do aproveitamento do nutriente pela cultura (FILLERY et al, 1984).…”

Section: IIunclassified

Perdas de nitrogênio por volatilização de amônia com aplicação de uréia em solo de várzea com diferentes níveis de umidade

et al. 2007

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A primeira adubação nitrogenada em cobertura para o arroz irrigado por alagamento pode ser realizada em solo seco ou em lâmina de água, afetando a taxa de volatilização de amônia e, conseqüentemente, a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia com a aplicação de uréia em solo de várzea com diferentes níveis de umidade. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se vasos contendo 5kg de um Planossolo Hidromórfico que recebeu os tratamentos: N0 - testemunha sem aplicação de uréia (solo úmido); USSE - aplicação de uréia em solo seco; USUM - aplicação de uréia em solo úmido; USSA - aplicação de uréia em solo saturado; e USLA - aplicação de uréia em solo com lâmina de água. As avaliações das perdas de amônia foram realizadas com coletores tipo semi-aberto estático após 10, 24, 34, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192 e 264 horas da aplicação de uréia. Ao final das 264 horas de avaliação, as perdas de amônia foram equivalentes para os tratamentos com aplicação em solo úmido, saturado ou sob lâmina de água, sendo os maiores picos de emissão de amônia entre 34 e 48 horas para o solo úmido e o saturado e 72 horas para a lâmina de água. A aplicação de N-uréia sobre a lâmina de água não evitou as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia.

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“…They concluded that amount of ammonia-nitrogen in the water greatly influences the oviposition of these mosquitoes. It was reported earlier (Ferguson et al 1984, Rachhpal-Singh 1987 that surface-applied urea easily gets converted to unstable form, which quickly change to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Under less ideal conditions, the ammonia is lost to the atmosphere by volatilization.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of urea in the oviposition behaviour of Japanese encephalitis vectors in rice fields of South India

Sunish

Rajendran

Reuben

2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The effect of urea on the oviposition behaviour of culicine vectors of Japanese encephalitis was studied in rice fields. Gravid Mosquitoes use a complex integrated sensory system for selecting an oviposition site (Vrtiska & Pappas 1984).Long-range cues, probably involving vision, allow mosquitoes to identify different habitats (Bidlingmayer 1975) tritaeniorhynchus was not always adaptive in site selection, as the females were often found ovipositing on water unsuitable for larval development (Mogi 1978).The objective of the present study was to determine the role of urea, a synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer, as an oviposition attractant/stimulant for the mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. During a routine survey of mosquito immatures, clustering of egg rafts was observed in a localized area in a rice field at Soundarasolapuram village, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu State. It was later found that the farmer had selectively treated this patch with urea on the previous day, as he felt the plants were stunted. This observation prompted this exploration of the role of urea on the oviposition behaviour of vectors of JE.This study is a part of the PhD Thesis submitted to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. A series of three experiments was conducted in rice fields 10 days after transplantation. Metal quadrats of size 0.1 m 2 open at both ends were used for the experiment. One end of the quadrat was pushed into the bottom mud of the rice field, while the other end remained at least 5 cm above the water surface, thus preventing the mixing of water in the quadrat and the main field. The water in the quadrat was filtered to remove insect predators. In the first experiment, three paddy fields were selected and four quadrats were placed equidistant from each other at least 25 m apart in each of the rice fields sampled in each field. Two quadrats (T1) were treated (surface-applied) with a dose of 1 g urea/0.1 m 2 , while the other two were kept as untreated controls (T2). In the second experiment, the dosage of urea was increased to 2 g urea/0.1 m 2 . In the third experiment, five transplanted rice fields were selected and three quadrats were placed in each field. One set of quadrat was treated with a dose of 1 g urea/0.1 m 2 (T1), the second set (T2) had a one l cylindrical plastic container of diameter 10 cm placed in it; which was filled with mud for 2 cm depth, and urea with similar dosage as that of T1 (1 g/0.1 m 2 ) was sprinkled in the mud filled container. The container was covered with mosquito netting, to prevent the gravid females from contacting the treated water surface, but allowed the volatile fractions to escape into the atmosphere. The container was placed in the centre of the quadrat with its mouth well above the water surface, and with enough space around it so that the gravid females had access to the water surface in the quadrat. The third set of quadrats (T3) without urea application was kept as control for comparison.In all the three experiments, the number of e...

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Ammonia Volatilization from Surface‐Applied Urea: Effect of Hydrogen Ion Buffering Capacity

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Perdas de nitrogênio por volatilização de amônia com aplicação de uréia em solo de várzea com diferentes níveis de umidade

The role of urea in the oviposition behaviour of Japanese encephalitis vectors in rice fields of South India

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