Ammonia treatment of straw via the hydrolysis of urea. II. Additions of soya bean (urease), sodium hydroxide and molasses; effects on the digestibility of urea-treated straw

Williams, P. E. V.; Innes, G. M.; Brewer, A. C.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(84)90016-6

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This coincides with the observations of Williams et al (1984a) Alibes et al (1984) refer to the necessity of high ambient temperatures to produce optimum results and, in particular, good nitrogen retention. Thus, the limited effectiveness of some treatments (Mandell et al, 1988;Mann et al, 1988) (Williams et al, 1984b) and of moisture content. The presence of ureases considerably reduces the treatment time (Jayasuriya and Pearce, 1983;Williams et al, 1984b).…”

Section: Maize Stover Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the limited effectiveness of some treatments (Mandell et al, 1988;Mann et al, 1988) (Williams et al, 1984b) and of moisture content. The presence of ureases considerably reduces the treatment time (Jayasuriya and Pearce, 1983;Williams et al, 1984b). On the other hand, the best responses have been shown by Besle et al (1990a), where moisture content was reduced to 20-25%; these responses not only affected ureolysis, OMD and N retention but also intake (for reasons still to be identified).…”

Section: Maize Stover Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At low moisture levels the addition of CSB increased the degree of ureolysis in wheat straw. Pearce, 1983;Williams et al, 1984b;Wanapat et al, 1985). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Treatment of ligno-cellulosic residues with urea. Influence of dosage, moisture, temperature and addition of ureases

Muñoz¹,

Joy²,

Faci³

et al. 1991

Ann. Zootech.

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Summary — Comparative studies were made at a laboratory level to assess the effectiveness of the treatment of straw with anhydrous ammonia (anhydrous NH 3 ) and urea. The influence of moisture, dosage, and temperature were also assessed. The influence of the addition of an urease source was studied in treatments with urea. Two experiments were performed: 1), Anhydrous-NH 3 and urea were used separately to treat a total of 13 samples of barley straw. Anhydrous NH 3 was applied to 3 samples at a dosage of 4% and at moisture levels of 9.2, 22.2 and 32.7%. Urea was applied to 9 batches at doses at 4.3, 6.5 and 8.0% and at 3 moisture levels: 22.2, 31.1 and 42.7%. One sample was left untreated. 2), Urea at a dosage of 3% was applied to 24 samples of wheat straw and 24 samples of maize stover at 4 moisture levels, 10, 20, 30 and 40% and 3 temperatures: 15, 25 and 35 °C for wheat straw and 5, 15 and 25 °C for maize stover. All these parameters were studied both with and without the addition of crude soya bean (CSB).In experiment 1 the increase in moisture content when NH 3 was applied reduced the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content, but did not modify the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values, which were similar to those obtained on the application of urea at moisture levels of 31.1 and 42.7%. In experiment 2, the increase in moisture content to 30% produced a positive response in most of the chemical parameters analyzed. However, with an increase in humidity to 40% the results were less homogeneous. The temperatures used were not limiting, and only had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the NDF and total nitrogen (N) contents. For maize stover the temperature did not influence (P > 0.05) either the degree of ureolysis or the IVDMD. The addition of CSB had no significant effect (P > 0.05) when applied to the maize stover, and when applied to wheat straw its only significant effects (P < 0.05) were on the NDF and IVDMD values. At low moisture levels the addition of CSB increased the degree of ureolysis in wheat straw. straw I chemical treatment I anhydrous ammonia / urea / moisture / temperature / urease

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Section: Maize Stover Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maize Stover Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of ligno-cellulosic residues with urea. Influence of dosage, moisture, temperature and addition of ureases

Muñoz¹,

Joy²,

Faci³

et al. 1991

Ann. Zootech.

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“…L'urée, totalement dégradée, génère environ 57 % de son poids sous forme d'ammoniac. Les conditions de cette dégradation : température supérieure à 20 °C, durée de traitement de 30 à 60 jours, dose d'urée de 60 à 80 kg, volume d'eau de 400 l par tonne de paille brute et addition ou non de sources d'uréase sont maintenant établies [7,16,17] ; tout comme les agents responsables de l'uréolyse et leur mode d'action [18]. La technique classique de traitement en meule repose sur l'aspersion manuelle de la solution d'urée sur les bottes de paille.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Associé à l'alcalinité du milieu, ceci entraîne l'ouverture des bottes de paille par rupture des fils d'attache gênant considérablement le transport et le stockage du produit traité. Un apport de sources exogènes d'uréase, permet certes de diminuer le taux d'humidité [17] ; mais à l'exception de la farine de soja et du pois sabre, les sources d'uréase actives d'origine végétale sont rares. L'objectif de ce travail a donc été de mettre en oeuvre un procédé de traitement des pailles qui ne consomme que 20 % d'eau (% poids de paille), sans apport d'uréase ; puis d'étudier sur des ovins la valeur des pailles ainsi traitées.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Proposition d'une méthode subhumide de traitement des pailles à l'urée

Larwence¹,

Triki²,

Chabaca³

et al. 2000

Ann. Zootech.

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-Study of a subhumid method of straw processing with urea. We tested a subhumid processing method which reduces water content by 50% without the contribution of exogenous urease sources. The principle consisted in applying a 7% urea solution to one out of two layers of straw at a 40% humidity level, the last upper layer being systematically watered. The stack was then sealed as for classic ammoniation. At the same time, a classic treatment (also with 7% urea) was performed. At the end of the treatment which lasted for 75 days during the summer, four straw-based diets were evaluated: untreated straw (NT), classically treated straw (UC), non-damped straw (ULNH) and damped straw (ULH). Intake and organic matter digestibility were measured in rams (6 per diet) fed on straw supplemented daily with 200 g concentrate. After processing, the nitrogenous matter content increased from 5.8% (NT) to 11.0, 12.6, and 16.1% for ULNH, UC, and ULH, respectively, whereas the dry matter intake of pure straw was 47.5, 52.7, 54.1 against 59.7 g . kg -1. PV -0.75 for NT, UC, ULH, and ULNH, respectively. Organic matter digestibility was higher for ULNH (59.4%) than for ULH (56.3%), UC (51.1%) and NT (46.0%). The amount of digestible organic matter intake was 23% higher for straw derived from the subhumid treatment than that resulting from the classical treatment. urea / subhumid-treated straw / ingestibility / digestibilityRésumé -Nous avons testé un procédé qui réduit de 50 % le volume d'eau recommandé pour le traitement des pailles à l'urée sans apport de sources d'uréase. Le principe consiste à arroser avec une solution de 7 % d'urée un lit de paille sur deux à 40 % d'humidité ; le premier lit de paille n'étant pas arrosé, et le dernier lit supérieur étant obligatoirement arrosé. L'opération achevée, la meule est fermée comme pour un traitement classique à l'ammoniac. À la fin du traitement qui a duré 76 jours (en été), quatre lots de paille ont été constitués : paille non traitée (NT), traitée classiquement (UC), non humidifiée (ULNH) et humidifiée (ULH). Nous avons mesuré chez des ovins pour chacun des 4 lots de paille distribuée avec 200 g de concentré, la quantité de matière sèche ingérée (MSI), les Ann. Zootech. 49 (2000)

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Quantification of quercetin from red onion (Allium cepa L.) powder via high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) and its effect on hyperuricemia in male healthy Wistar albino rats

Umer,

Nisa,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Onions (Allium cepaL.) contain various flavonols, including quercetin, kaempferol, anthocyanin, luteolin, and myricetin. Quercetin in onions is considered the primary bioactive component. To assess the impact of quercetin on hyperuricemia in healthy Wistar albino rats, this study used high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) to identify and measure quercetin in onion powder. Twenty‐four 160 ± 10 g, six wistar albino male rats in each group were kept: NC (control sample, no onion powder), OT1, OT2, and OT3, which contained 11.13, 14.84, and 18.61 g/100 g onion powder, respectively. The treatment lasted 28 days, during which the last 7 days were for urine, feces, and blood collection. The results showed a trend of decreasing levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein in rats fed OT1, OT2, and OT3diets. Improvements were observed in feed, water, and nutrient intake, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, body weight, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels (p ≤ .05). In contrast, high‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, serum total protein, neutrophils, and lymphocytes did not change (p ≥ .05). White blood cells, red blood cell count, platelet count, hemoglobin, and monocytes showed an upward trend. Based on our calculations, we determined the optimal human dosage from the most effective amount of onion powder. By taking into account the ratio of human‐to‐rat surface area, we estimate that the equivalent human dose of onion is 181.04 grams with 204 mg of quercetin. Additionally, when factoring in the dry matter content, the recommended dose of onion is 29.19 grams with 220 mg of quercetin.

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Ammonia treatment of straw via the hydrolysis of urea. II. Additions of soya bean (urease), sodium hydroxide and molasses; effects on the digestibility of urea-treated straw

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Treatment of ligno-cellulosic residues with urea. Influence of dosage, moisture, temperature and addition of ureases

Treatment of ligno-cellulosic residues with urea. Influence of dosage, moisture, temperature and addition of ureases

Proposition d'une méthode subhumide de traitement des pailles à l'urée

Quantification of quercetin from red onion (Allium cepa L.) powder via high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) and its effect on hyperuricemia in male healthy Wistar albino rats

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