Ammonia Removal From Sewage Wastewater Using Chemically Modified Sand

Abstract

Abstract. The study was conducted to observe the effectiveness and the efficiency of the adsorption method to remove ammonia from sewage water. The experimental design involves fixed-bed column, desorption and regeneration study. The results showed that the modified sand performed better in removing ammonia from sewage compared with pristine sand and regenerated used modified sand. The experimental data showed a better fit to the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson adsorption models. We found that the modified sand removed ammonia up to 99% and remained 80% of removal after 50 minutes compared to the pristine sand that was only 78.51% and gradually dropped to 10% after 50 minutes.Modified sand recorded the maximum adsorption capacity of 0.014 mg/g compared to 0.0033 mg/g for pristine sand and 0.0087 mg/g for regenerated used modified sand. Modified sand was able to be reused using a relatively low cost regenerating solution (NaCl).

Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi dalam Rawatan Air Sisa Kumbahan

“…Namun begitu, pertambahan penduduk pada masa kini menyebabkan permintaan kepada bekalan air bersih semakin meningkat (Chavan & Dhulap 2012). Air sisa hasil daripada aktiviti manusia seperti domestik, perindustrian, pertanian dan penternakan yang mengandungi bahan pencemar boleh memberi kesan kepada kesihatan manusia dan alam sekitar kerana mengandungi kandungan sebatian mineral bukan organik seperti sodium, potassium, kalsium, magnesium, kadmium, nikel dan zink (Bakar et al 2016;Halim et al 2017Halim et al , 2015. Selain itu juga, air sisa kumbahan mempunyai kandungan pepejal terampai dan pepejal terlarut yang tinggi selain mengandungi kepekatan ammonia serta nitrogen dan fosforus yang kemungkinan terhasil daripada penguraian bahan organik di dalam air (Chavan & Dhulap 2012).…”

Optimizing model and algorithm for railway freight loading problem

“…Let the population and crossover probability denote by M and pc, respectively, H ′ is the group of goods be loaded in same layer, then M and pc can be defined by floating value [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The size of M will change with the number of goods in H ′ .…”

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“…Namun begitu, pertambahan penduduk pada masa kini menyebabkan permintaan kepada bekalan air bersih semakin meningkat (Chavan & Dhulap 2012). Air sisa hasil daripada aktiviti manusia seperti domestik, perindustrian, pertanian dan penternakan yang mengandungi bahan pencemar boleh memberi kesan kepada kesihatan manusia dan alam sekitar kerana mengandungi kandungan sebatian mineral bukan organik seperti sodium, potassium, kalsium, magnesium, kadmium, nikel dan zink (Bakar et al 2016;Halim et al 2017Halim et al , 2015. Selain itu juga, air sisa kumbahan mempunyai kandungan pepejal terampai dan pepejal terlarut yang tinggi selain mengandungi kepekatan ammonia serta nitrogen dan fosforus yang kemungkinan terhasil daripada penguraian bahan organik di dalam air (Chavan & Dhulap 2012).…”