Ammonia, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Pig Slurry Applied to a Pasture in New Zealand

Sherlock, Robert R.; Sommer, Sven G.; Khan, Rehmat Z.; Wood, C. W.; Guertal, Elizabeth A.; Freney, J. R.; Dawson, Christopher O.; Cameron, K. C.

doi:10.2134/jeq2002.1491

Cited by 126 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Nitrous oxide emissions steadily decreased over the 2-month gas emission measurement period, which accords well with emission trends for land-applied manures reported in the literature (Lessard et al 1996;Chadwick et al 2000;Sherlock et al 2002;Ginting et al 2003;Amon et al 2006;Rochette et al 2008).…”

Section: Clays Decrease Ghg Emissions From Land-applied Manuressupporting

confidence: 88%

A novel and effective technology for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from land-applied manures

Hill¹,

Redding²,

Pratt³

2016

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Land-applied manures produce nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a greenhouse gas (GHG). Land application can also result in ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilisation, leading to indirect N 2 O emissions. Here, we summarise a glasshouse investigation into the potential for vermiculite, a clay with a high cation exchange capacity, to decrease N 2 O emissions from livestock manures (beef, pig, broiler, layer), as well as urea, applied to soils. Our hypothesis is that clays adsorb ammonium, thereby suppressing NH 3 volatilisation and slowing N 2 O emission processes. We previously demonstrated the ability of clays to decrease emissions at the laboratory scale. In this glasshouse work, manure and urea application rates varied between 50 and 150 kg nitrogen (N)/ha. Clay : manure ratios ranged from 1 : 10 to 1 : 1 (dry weight basis). In the 1-year trial, the abovementioned N sources were incorporated with vermiculite in 1 L pots containing Sodosol and Ferrosol growing a model pasture (Pennisetum clandestinum or kikuyu grass). Gas emissions were measured periodically by placing the pots in gastight bags connected to real-time continuous gas analysers. The vermiculite achieved significant (P 0.05) and substantial decreases in N 2 O emissions across all N sources (70% on average). We are currently testing the technology at the field scale; which is showing promising emission decreases (~50%) as well as increases (~20%) in dry matter yields. This technology clearly has merit as an effective GHG mitigation strategy, with potential associated agronomic benefits, although it needs to be verified by a cost-benefit analysis.

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Section: Clays Decrease Ghg Emissions From Land-applied Manuressupporting

confidence: 88%

A novel and effective technology for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from land-applied manures

Hill¹,

Redding²,

Pratt³

2016

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Therefore, the main source for CH 4 -C emissions at the GI site is probably manuring, which is known to cause great temporal and spatial variation of methane fluxes (Flessa and Beese, 2000). Methane emission peaks typically occur immediately (6-48 h) after manure application (Chadwick et al, 2000;Augustin, 2001;Sherlock et al, 2002;Rodhe et al, 2006). We did not find any peaks after manuring, presumably because we strictly followed a bi-weekly cycle of measurements.…”

Section: Ch 4 Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog

et al. 2013

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Wetlands can either be net sinks or net sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs), depending on the mean annual water level and other factors like average annual temperature, vegetation development, and land use. Whereas drained and agriculturally used peatlands tend to be carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) sources but methane (CH4) sinks, restored (i.e. rewetted) peatlands rather incorporate CO2, tend to be N2O neutral and release CH4. One of the aims of peatland restoration is to decrease their global warming potential (GWP) by reducing GHG emissions. We estimated the greenhouse gas exchange of a peat bog restoration sequence over a period of 2 yr (1 July 2007–30 June 2009) in an Atlantic raised bog in northwest Germany. We set up three study sites representing different land use intensities: intensive grassland (deeply drained, mineral fertilizer, cattle manure and 4–5 cuts per year); extensive grassland (rewetted, no fertilizer or manure, up to 1 cutting per year); near-natural peat bog (almost no anthropogenic influence). Daily and annual greenhouse gas exchange was estimated based on closed-chamber measurements. CH4 and N2O fluxes were recorded bi-weekly, and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) measurements were carried out every 3–4 weeks. Annual sums of CH4 and N2O fluxes were estimated by linear interpolation while NEE was modelled. Regarding GWP, the intensive grassland site emitted 564 ± 255 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and 850 ± 238 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 in the first (2007/2008) and the second (2008/2009) measuring year, respectively. The GWP of the extensive grassland amounted to −129 ± 231 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and 94 ± 200 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1, while it added up to 45 ± 117 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and −101 ± 93 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 in 2007/08 and 2008/09 for the near-natural site. In contrast, in calendar year 2008 GWP aggregated to 441 ± 201 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1, 14 ± 162 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 and 31 ± 75 g CO2–C equivalents m−2 yr−1 for the intensive grassland, extensive grassland, and near-natural site, respectively. Despite inter-annual variability, rew...

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“…The majority of nitrogen (N) in swine manure is in the ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4 -N) form, which can convert to ammonianitrogen in the manure and volatilize during or after field application (Sommer et al 1995;Rana and Mastrorilli 1998;Ferm et al 1999;Gordon et al 2001;Sherlock et al 2002). Up to 90% of the NH 4 -N applied in slurry can be lost as a result of NH 3 volatilization (Ferm et al 1999;Sherlock et al 2002;Wulf et al 2002), substantially reducing the amount of plant-available N. This NH 3 loss to the atmosphere is a concern primarily because: (i) dry or wet deposition can result in water and land acidification, and eutrophication of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, (ii) NH 3 can enhance aerosol formation and result in plant and animal health concerns, and (iii) NH 3 is also an indirect greenhouse gas (GHG), as it can oxidize into nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Due to these concerns, a need exists to accurately quantify NH 3 emissions from agricultural operations to assist with the development of suitable farm management practices in order to reduce the impacts on the environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three simple field methods for ammonia volatilization from manure

Smith¹,

Gordon²,

Bourque³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2007. Comparison of three simple field methods for ammonia volatilization from manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 469-477. Land application of swine manure can result in a loss of nitrogen (N) through ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization. Accurate NH 3 loss assessments are essential to support the development of regional and global emission factors and identify best management strategies for reducing losses. The objectives of this study were to simultaneously assess the reliability and applicability of three simple NH 3 flux measurement techniques and their effectiveness and usefulness for the measurement of emissions from surface-applied swine manure. Ammonia losses from two chamber systems were compared: (i) static and (ii) wind tunnel chamber, as well as the (iii) micrometeorological theoretical profile shape (TPS) method. A series of field tests were performed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Farm in Harrington, Prince Edward Island (PE) on a sandy loam, stubble field that was surface applied with 100 kg NH 4 -N ha -1 of liquid swine manure. After application the three NH 3 emission techniques were established and measurements were performed over a 5-d period. Ammonia losses from the wind tunnels were comparable with those from the TPS method. The static chambers were found to underestimate NH 3 emissions (by ~95-99%), compared with both the wind tunnel and TPS methods. It is therefore recommended that either the TPS or wind tunnel approaches be used to more accurately quantify NH 3 losses for field systems.

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Ammonia, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Pig Slurry Applied to a Pasture in New Zealand

Cited by 126 publications

References 53 publications

A novel and effective technology for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from land-applied manures

A novel and effective technology for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from land-applied manures

Effects of land use intensity on the full greenhouse gas balance in an Atlantic peat bog

Comparison of three simple field methods for ammonia volatilization from manure

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