Ammonia in Human Sweat and Its Origin

Itoh, Shinji; Nakayama, Teruo

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.3.133

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Molecules that increase the alkalinity of the skin are also present. One example is ammonia, which is produced by the eccrine sweat gland 22,23 . Carbon dioxide and bicarbonate from sweat may also increase cutaneous pH 20,24 .…”

Section: Origins Of Cutaneous Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal eccrine sweat is acidic (4.5–6.0) and the skin becomes more acidic as the sweat evaporates (normally ammonia evaporates quickly) 41 . As the rate of eccrine sweat increases, the concentrations of ammonia, pyruvic acid and lactate decrease, and the pH increases 23,41 . Thermal apocrine sweat has a higher pH than eccrine sweat, and the skin pH becomes higher as it evaporates 16,26 , 30…”

Section: Normal Cutaneous Ph Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is ammonia, which is produced by the eccrine sweat gland. 22,23 Carbon dioxide and bicarbonate from sweat may also increase cutaneous pH. 20,24 Although the factors involved in maintaining the pH of the skin are complex, the combination of these acidic and alkaline molecules contributes to cutaneous pH levels.…”

Section: Origins Of Cutaneous Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative review of cutaneous pH

Matousek

Campbell

2002

Veterinary Dermatology

115

112

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This review describes the role of pH in cutaneous structure and function. We first describe the molecules that contribute to the acidity or alkalinity of the skin. Next, differences in cutaneous pH among species, among individuals of the same species and within individuals are described. The potential functions of cutaneous pH in normal and diseased skin are analysed. For example, cutaneous pH has a role in the selection and maintenance of the normal cutaneous microbiota. In addition, cutaneous acidity may protect the skin against infection by microbes. Finally, there is evidence that a cutaneous pH gradient activates pH-dependent enzymes involved in the process of keratinization.

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Section: Origins Of Cutaneous Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Normal Cutaneous Ph Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative review of cutaneous pH

Matousek

Campbell

2002

Veterinary Dermatology

115

112

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“…[ [28][29][30]46,47] Soaps and detergents The use of soaps, synthetic detergents and even tap water will raise skin pH in a short-term effect. [27,[31][32][33][34][35] Cosmetic products Skin pH values drop after the application of cosmetic products, which can buffer the impact of tap water washing.…”

Section: Sweatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of pH Value in Clinically Relevant Diagnosis

Kuo

Shen

et al. 2020

Diagnostics

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As a highly influential physiological factor, pH may be leveraged as a tool to diagnose physiological state. It may be especially suitable for diagnosing and assessing skin structure and wound status. Multiple innovative and elegant smart wound dressings combined with either pH sensors or drug control-released carriers have been extensively studied. Increasing our understanding of the role of pH value in clinically relevant diagnostics should assist clinicians and improve personal health management in the home. In this review, we summarized a number of articles and discussed the role of pH on the skin surface as well as the factors that influence skin pH and pH-relevant skin diseases, but also the relationship of skin pH to the wound healing process, including its influence on the activity of proteases, bacterial enterotoxin, and some antibacterial agents. A great number of papers discussing physiological pH value have been published in recent decades, far too many to be included in this review. Here, we have focused on the impact of pH on wounds and skin with an emphasis on clinically relevant diagnosis toward effective treatment. We have also summarized the differences in skin structure and wound care between adults and infants, noting that infants have fragile skin and poor skin barriers, which makes them more vulnerable to skin damage and compels particular care, especially for wounds.

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“…Although we did not collect blood during the march, we can compare EXP I total ketone body concentration in sweat doing work with serum concentration at rest on the same day (Table AIX. 35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%