Ammonia in auto exhaust

Harkins, J; Nicksic, S. W.

doi:10.1021/es60009a002

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The largest contributor to urban ammonia emissions is believed to be the transport sector (Dore et al 2005). Ammonia had been detected in vehicle exhausts as long ago as the 1960s (Harkins and Nicksic 1967), and was attributed mainly to the combustion process, although the contribution from traffic was thought to be small (e.g. Dollard 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Atmospheric Ammonia in an Urban Environment Measured Using a Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer

Whitehead

Longley

Gallagher

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Extensive measurements were made using an Aerodyne quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) to study the diurnal and seasonal cycles of NH 3 concentrations in Manchester city centre. Measurements made at rooftop levels showed traffic to be a significant source of NH 3 concentrations in the winter. This was illustrated by a bimodal diurnal cycle of NH 3 concentrations that was synchronized with traffic, and also by a correlation with NO x , a traffic related pollutant. These patterns were not observed during the summer, suggesting other sources become more important. Measurements were also made at street level during winter and summer, close to the traffic source. This time the contribution from traffic was also observed in the summer, albeit weaker. Enhanced NH 3 concentrations were often seen in winds from the southwest that could not be related to local sources, suggesting that ambient concentrations in the city are strongly influenced by sources outside the city. It is estimated that the total NH 3 emission from the city centre is between 0.7 and 2.3 t km −2 year −1 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Atmospheric Ammonia in an Urban Environment Measured Using a Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer

Whitehead

Longley

Gallagher

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The subject of emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O and total RNCs from automotive SI engines has received much less attention in the technical literature, although the first example (a chassis dynamometer study of NH 3 emissions) dates from 1967 [1] and there has been something of an upsurge in the number of publications in recent years (e.g. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]).…”

Section: Rncs As Partially Regulated Exhaust Gas Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds from modern light duty vehicles featuring SI engines

Bielaczyc¹,

Szczotka²,

Woodburn³

2014

Combustion Engines

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This paper examines emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds in the exhaust gas flux of vehicles featuring spark ignition (SI) engines. A range of technical, legal and environmental aspects are considered. A discussion of the fundamentals of the phenomenona of emission of these compounds is presented, together with a brief summary of the negative environmental impacts of these gases. Selected data obtained during chassis dynamometer testing at BOSMAL are presented, together with certain important observations presented in the technical literature. The reader is directed to recent publications of note for further information on emissions to the less well known reactive nitrogen compounds, namely NH3 and N2O. The orders of magnitude of the various reactive nitrogen compounds found in the exhaust gas emitted from SI engines are briefly considered and commented upon. Data are presented on the impact of different fuel types used in SI engines and the reader is directed to various publications on that subject. Finally, important research directions (both current and future) are identified.

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“…Amoniak (NH 3 ), który był dawno uznany za składnik spalin samochodowych [1] (pierwsze szczegółowe opracowanie powstało w 1967 r. [2]), należy do grupy gazów spalinowych, którym poświęcono zdecydowanie mniej uwagi niż CO, NO x , CO 2 , HC itp., co odzwierciedlają wcześniejsze i obecne przepisy dotyczące emisji związków szkodliwych spalin. Obecnie poziom emisji amoniaku jest nieuregulowany przepisami na rynku europejskim i amerykański, należy on jednak do grupy związków, które mogą być objęte limitami w przyszłych przepisach dotyczących emisji z pojazdów samochodowych [3].…”

Section: Wstępunclassified

“…Species which are known to be formed to make up the rest of the nitrogen balance are N 2 , NO 2 and also N 2 O [16,29]. Isocyanate and isocyanic acid, ammonium thiocarbamate and other species [2] (including more complex nitrogen compounds) may also be emitted, but in very limited quantities.…”

Section: Ptnss-2011-ss1-108mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although long recognised as an automotive exhaust gas component [1] (first systematically studied in 1967 [2]), ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of a group of exhaust gases that has received relatively little attention in comparison to CO, NO x , CO 2 , HC etc, a status reflected in past and current exhaust emissions regulation legislation. Currently unregulated in the European and US markets, it belongs to a group of compounds which may feature in future regulations regarding exhaust emissions from light duty vehicles [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A technical discussion of the emission of ammonia from SI vehicles fitted with three-way catalysts

Bielaczyc¹,

Świątek²,

Woodburn³

2011

Combustion Engines

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Ammonia emissions from motor vehicles have risen significantly in recent decades, due to the rollout of three-way catalysts within the spark ignition vehicle fleet. Vehicular ammonia emissions are currently unregulated, even though ammonia is harmful for a variety of reasons, and the gas is classed as toxic. Having reached its light-off temperature, a three-way catalyst can produce substantial quantities of ammonia through various reaction pathways. Emission is markedly higher during periods where demand for engine power is higher, when the engine will be operating under open-loop conditions. The air-to-fuel ratio, cylinder temperature and rate of formation of carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide all correlate to varying degrees with ammonia production. Ammonia emissions could represent a serious threat to air quality, particularly in urban settings. Further investigation is imperative to minimise the risks posed by this as yet unregulated exhaust emission component.

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Ammonia in auto exhaust

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Atmospheric Ammonia in an Urban Environment Measured Using a Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Atmospheric Ammonia in an Urban Environment Measured Using a Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer

An overview of emissions of reactive nitrogen compounds from modern light duty vehicles featuring SI engines

A technical discussion of the emission of ammonia from SI vehicles fitted with three-way catalysts

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