Ammonia Exchange from Corn Foliage during Reproductive Growth

Francis, D. D.; Schepers, James S.; Sims, Albert L.

doi:10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900060015x

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…χ s is further influenced by the developmental stage and may peak at senescence (Francis et al, 1997;Hill et al, 2002;Mattsson and Schjoerring, 2003). Several attempts have been made to model the dynamics of χ s mechanistically, for example in relation to environmental conditions, agricultural practices, plant metabolism and/or exchange with the atmosphere Wu et al, 2009;Massad et al, 2010).…”

Section: Stomatal Compensation Point (χ S )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

2010

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Abstract. Current deposition schemes used in atmospheric chemical transport models do not generally account for bidirectional exchange of ammonia (NH 3 ). Bi-directional exchange schemes, which have so far been applied at the plot scale, can be included in transport models, but need to be parameterised with appropriate values of the ground layer compensation point (χ g ), stomatal compensation point (χ s ) and cuticular resistance (R w ). We review existing measurements of χ g , χ s as well as R w and compile a comprehensive dataset from which we then propose generalised parameterisations. χ s is related to s , the non-dimensional ratio of [NH + 4 ] apo and [H + ] apo in the apoplast, through the temperature dependence of the combined Henry and dissociation equilibrium. The meta-analysis suggests that the nitrogen (N) input is the main driver of the apoplastic and bulk leaf concentrations of ammonium (NH + 4 apo , NH + 4 bulk ). For managed ecosystems, the main source of N is fertilisation which is reflected in a peak value of χ s a few days following application, but also alters seasonal values of NH + 4 apo and NH + 4 bulk . We propose a parameterisation for χ s which includes peak values as a function of amount and type of fertiliser application which gradually decreases to a background value. The background χ s is based on total N input to the ecosystem as a yearly fertiliser application and N deposition (N dep ). For non-managed ecosystems, χ s is parameterised based solely on the link with N dep .For R w we propose a general parameterisation as a function of atmospheric relative humidity (RH), incorporating a minimum value (R w(min) ), which depends on the ratio of atmospheric acid concentrations (SO 2 , HNO 3 and HCl) toCorrespondence to: R.-S. Massad (massad@grignon.inra.fr) NH 3 concentrations. The parameterisations are based mainly on datasets from temperate locations in northern Europe making them most suitable for up-scaling in these regions (EMEP model for example). In principle, the parameterisations should be applicable to other climates, though there is a need for more underpinning data, with the uncertainties being especially large for tropical and subtropical conditions.

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Section: Stomatal Compensation Point (χ S )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

2010

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“…[15] Measured c st values over winter-wheat rice and other wheat crops are significantly larger than measured values over semi-natural vegetation [Farquhar et al, 1980;Parton et al, 1988;Morgan and Parton, 1989;Harper and Sharpe, 1995;Yamulki and Harrison, 1996;Fang and Zhang, 2006;Walker et al, 2006]. Francis et al [1997] did not observe any significant diurnal trend in the NH 3 exchange of irrigated corn plants. However since no compensation point was measured in this study, it is not known whether a diurnal dependence in the stomatal compensation point existed or not.…”

Section: Semi-natural Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi‐directional air‐surface exchange of atmospheric ammonia: A review of measurements and a development of a big‐leaf model for applications in regional‐scale air‐quality models

Zhang

Wright²,

Asman³

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

140

223

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[1] The air-surface exchange of atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) and measurements of the canopy and stomatal compensation points (c cp and c st , respectively) and the stomatal and soil emission potentials (G st and G g , respectively) are reviewed. A database of these values has been developed, to be used for the development of input parameters and for model evaluation. The compensation points are dependent on canopy type, nitrogen (N) status, temperature, growth stage, and meteorological conditions. Canopies that receive high atmospheric nitrogen input generally have high c cp values. c cp values also tend to be higher over intensively managed vegetated surfaces than semi-natural vegetation, due to the higher nitrogen content in these surfaces. Increased nitrogen concentrations from fertilization and cutting practices have been observed to increase the compensation points and therefore the emission from these canopies. The decomposition of litter leaves has been found to play a dominant role and significantly increase the values of c cp over agricultural vegetation and fertilized grasslands. By modifying an existing big-leaf dry deposition model to allow NH 3 emission from leaf stomata and soil surfaces, a bi-directional air-surface exchange model has been developed for applications in regional-scale air-quality models. The model predicts c cp values that vary with canopy type, nitrogen content, and meteorological conditions. c cp values predicted by the model are around 1-2 mg m −3 over forest canopies and 4-10 mg m −3 over grasslands and agricultural canopies during a typical summer daytime; c cp values are ∼10 and ∼3 times lower over forests and agricultural lands, respectively, in nighttime and/or winter conditions. These results are similar to the range of measured values. The new bi-directional air-surface exchange model will reduce the dry deposition fluxes by 20-100 ng m −2 s −1 compared to the original dry deposition model over low-N forests and agricultural lands during typical summer daytime conditions, which can be the difference between whether deposition or emission occurs. For example, this new model produces emissions fluxes of 0-90 ng m −2 s −1 over croplands when the atmospheric NH 3 concentrations are below 10 mg m −3 .

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“…2003), while a loss in total N content of Bas‐385 could be attributed to gaseous N losses from the foliar parts of the plants (Stutte and da Silva 1981, Schjorring et al. 1989, Francis et al. 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1996) and there would be a continuous uptake and assimilation in foliar parts of the plants (Grundmann et al. 1993, Francis et al. 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An immediate assimilation of NH 3 -N in maize derived from atmosphere (Grundmann et al 1993) suggested a positive stimulatory effect of atmospheric ammonia on N assimilatory enzymes. As the rate of N mobilization exceeds the rate of photosynthesis soon after flowering (Lynch and White 1992) and the phloem loading is dominated by low-molecular-weight organic compounds (Pate and Atkins 1983), it could be inferred that the exposure of rice plants to NH 3 at anthesis did not affect the N assimilatory activities; however, a part of shoot N, instead of translocating towards grains was partitioned to roots (Ashraf et al 2003), while a loss in total N content of Bas-385 could be attributed to gaseous N losses from the foliar parts of the plants (Stutte and da Silva 1981, Schjorring et al 1989, Francis et al 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry Matter and Nitrogen Distribution at Maturity of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Exposed to Ammonia at Two Growth Stages

Ashraf¹,

Hussain²

2005

J Agronomy Crop Science

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A substantial proportion of ammonical fertilizers applied to lowland rice is lost as gaseous N from the soil-plant system. Besides various environmental factors, the low N use efficiency of flooded rice is also attributed to this factor. As atmospheric ammonia found in the leaf environment of the plants could also be responsible for differences in N use efficiency and fertilizer N losses from lowland rice, a greenhouse study was conducted on three rice cultivars varying in physio-morphological characteristics for their dry matter and nitrogen distribution to grains at maturity in response to ammonia (NH 3 ) exposure at tillering and anthesis growth stages. The results revealed that ammonia exposure of plants at two growth stages did not affect the total dry matter and total N yield of the rice cultivars at maturity; however, the grain yield and grain N yield were negatively effected by NH 3 exposure of the plants at anthesis. The variation observed in dry matter and N partitioning at maturity to grains/roots of the plants exposed to NH 3 at anthesis indicated that the growth stage of the plants at which they are exposed to NH 3 has an influence on N use efficiency of crop plants and subsequent vegetative as well as total N losses from the soil-plant system.

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Ammonia Exchange from Corn Foliage during Reproductive Growth

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

Bi‐directional air‐surface exchange of atmospheric ammonia: A review of measurements and a development of a big‐leaf model for applications in regional‐scale air‐quality models

Dry Matter and Nitrogen Distribution at Maturity of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Exposed to Ammonia at Two Growth Stages

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