Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium salicylate

Verdouw, H.; Echteld, C.J.A. van; Dekkers, Ester

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(78)90107-0

Cited by 1,115 publications

(510 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Determination of fermentation products and enzyme activities of the caecal flora Ammonia concentration was measured with the procedure of Verdouw et al (1978) using an auto-analyser (Technicon, Domont, France). VFA concentrations were determined by gas chromatography (CP9000, Chrompack, Middelburg, Pays-Bas, The Netherlands) according to the method of Jouany (1982) adapted to a semi-capillary column.…”

Section: Small Intestinal Enzyme Activities Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: I. Effect on feed intake and digestive functionality

Gallois

Huërou‐Luron

Fortun-Lamothe

et al. 2008

Animal

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The functional adaptability of the digestive system to the level of feed intake was investigated in the young rabbits by comparing two groups of 12 litters each, weaned at 21 (W21) or 35 (W35) days of age. From 14 days onwards, rabbits were fed a pelleted feed (NDF: 332 g/kg, CP: 177 g/kg, starch: 98 g/kg, as-fed basis). Until 49 days of age, the profile of digestive enzymes was weekly determined in the small intestinal content and mucosa, as well as caecal fermentation traits and fibrolytic activities. In the W21 group, the solid feed intake was increased by 57% between 21 and 35 days (P , 0.01), while the daily body growth was lower from 21 till 42 days (217%, P , 0.05) when compared with the W35 group. Activities of enzymes of pancreatic origin were only scarcely influenced by the weaning age. In the W21 group, amylase activity tended to be lower at 28 days of age (236%, P 5 0.064), and trypsin activity was decreased by 31% at 49 days of age (P , 0.01). Lipase activity was similar in both weaning groups. Duodenal and jejunal activities of maltase and aminopeptidase N (APN) were higher on day 28 in the W21 group as compared with the W35 group (31.4 to 32.4, respectively, P , 0.05). On day 35, duodenal APN activity was twice as higher in the W21 group than in the W35 group (P , 0.01). In caecum, major differences between both weaning groups were observed at 28 days of age with a decrease in ammonia concentration (243%, P , 0.01) in W21 compared with W35 rabbits. Conversely, the acetate proportion was 5% higher in the W21 group (P , 0.01) on day 28. In conclusion, the digestive tract of early-weaned rabbits showed some adaptative properties in response to nutritional environment changes, but they were insufficient to maintain their growth rate.

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Section: Small Intestinal Enzyme Activities Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: I. Effect on feed intake and digestive functionality

Gallois

Huërou‐Luron

Fortun-Lamothe

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Water samples were collected and the colorimetric method was applied to determine total ammonia (NH 3 + NH 4 + ) and nitrite (NO 2 -) concentrations, according to Verdouw et al (1978) and Boyd and Tucker (1992), respectively. Non-ionized ammonia values were calculated according to Kubitza (2003).…”

Section: Water Quality Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

LD5o of the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila to matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus

et al. 2011

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In order to determine the lethal dose (96-h LD 50 ) of the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila to matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, to be applied in challenge tests, 90 fish (63.23 ± 6.39 g) were divided into five treatments, with different bacterial solutions: T 1 -Control (0.9% NaCl saline solution); T 2 (4 x 10 11 cells/ mL); T 3 (5 x 10 11 cells/ mL); T 4 (1.36 x 10 12 cells/ mL) and T 5 (3.06 x 10 12 cells/ mL). Fish were previously anesthetized with benzocaine (60 mg L -1 ), inoculated in the peritoneal cavity with the bacterial suspensions and then distributed into fifteen 80-L test chambers, where the water variables were monitored and fish mortality was observed. The experiment was randomly designed in three replicates and the 96-h LD 50 was estimated according to the trimmed Spearman-Karber method. Water quality variables remained within adequate ranges for fish health and performance. Fish mortality rate increased with the bacterial concentrations of A. hydrophila (T 1 = 0%; T 2 = 16.66%; T 3 = 44.44%; T 4 = 72.22% and T 5 = 100%), and the first mortalities were observed after 57 h, although the signs of the bacterial infection were already observed 24 h after the inoculation. The results indicate that the 96-h LD 50 value of A. hydrophila to matrinxã is 6.66 x 10 11 cells/ mL. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, 96-h LD 50 , matrinxã, tropical fishes DL 5o da bactéria Aeromonas hydrophila para o matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus resumo Para determinar a dose letal (DL 50 96-h) da bactéria Aeromonas hydrophila para o matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, com aplicabilidade para testes de desafio, foram utilizados 90 peixes (63,23 ± 6,39 g), divididos em cinco tratamentos, com diferentes soluções bacterianas: T 1 -Controle (solução salina 0,9% NaCl); T 2 (4 x 10 11 células/ mL); T 3 (5 x 10 11 células/ mL -1 ); T 4 (1,36 x 10 12 células/mL -1 ) e T 5 (3,06 x 10 12 células/ mL -1 ). Os peixes foram previamente anestesiados com benzocaína (60 mg L -1 ), inoculados na cavidade peritoneal com as suspensões bacterianas e distribuídos em 15 aquários de vidro de 80 L de capacidade, com aeração constante. O experimento teve duração de 96 h, no qual foram monitoradas a mortalidade e a qualidade da água. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado com três réplicas e a DL 50 96-h foi estimada de acordo com o método Spearman-Karber. Durante o experimento os parâmetros físico-químicos da água permaneceram dentro das condições consideradas adequadas para o desenvolvimento e saúde dos organismos aquáticos. A mortalidade dos peixes aumentou nas concentrações crescentes de A. hydrophila (T 1 = 0%; T 2 = 16,66%; T 3 = 44,44%; T 4 = 72,22% e T 5 = 100%), contudo, as primeiras mortalidades ocorreram em 57 h após a inoculação das concentrações bacterianas, sendo observados os primeiros sinais de infecção em 24 h após a inoculação. Os resultados indicam que o valor da DL 50 96-h da bactéria A. hydrophila para o matrinxã foi igual a 6,66 x 10 11 células/mL de solução salina. PAlAvrAs-chAve: Aeromonas hydrophila, DL 50 96-h, matrinxã...

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“…*Indica diferença entre a forma in natura e tratada do farelo pelo teste F (P<0,05). 550A); pH (6,82±0,14) (pHmetro Servylab, MPA 210-P); amônia (0,11±0,09 mg L -1 ) (VERDOUW et al, 1978); nitrito (0,05±0,01 mg L -1 ); alcalinidade (20,78±5,32 mg L -1 CaCO 3 ) e dureza (43,56±10,28 mg L -1 CaCO 3 ) (BOYD & TUCKER, 1992). Antes de cada pesagem, os peixes jejuaram por 18 horas e, a seguir, foram anestesiados com eugenol (20μL de extrato puro L -1 água).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified