Ammonia-based hydrogen source for fuel cell applications

Direct Ammonia Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

“…1,5 The present approach for the use in ammonia for conventional PEMFCs is to convert ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen at high temperatures. 6,7 It has also been reported that hydrogen can be produced from ammonia by electrolysis 8 to then use the hydrogen in conventional PEMFCs, but this would consume some electricity generated by the fuel cell, thus decrease overall efficiency. From this point of view, to generate electricity directly from ammonia would be more efficient.…”

Unconventional Energy Sources

“…Fuel cell was an online resource that had the mission to promote and advance the commercialization of fuel cells and hydrogen by supplying accurate, unbiased information and developing and disseminating summary materials accessible to a general audience (Lipman 2004;T-Raissi and Block 2004;Chalk and Miller 2006;Li and Hurley 2007;Kotay and Das 2008).…”

“…The hydrogen energy will become the principal fuel source of abundant clean energy for mankind. The important role of hydrogen energy in the future is an inexhaustible and clean energy system (Li and Hurley 2007). Hydrogen is considered in many countries to be an important alternative energy source and a bridge to a sustainable energy future.…”

Ammonia as a Hydrogen Source for Fuel Cells: A Review

“…It is also possible to extract hydrogen by reacting ammonia with metal hydrides such as MgH2 [74], LiAlH4 [75] or NaAlH4 [76]. This can be done at moderate temperatures (75-150 °C) and has been reported to have 2-3 times higher specific energy and energy density than ammonia cracking at 650 °C.…”

“…This can be done at moderate temperatures (75-150 °C) and has been reported to have 2-3 times higher specific energy and energy density than ammonia cracking at 650 °C. However additives are required such as PdCl2 and PtCl4 to enhance the rate of hydrogen formation [74]. Paik et al [77] discussed the mechanochemical production of hydrogen from ammonia via milling at room temperature on BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 catalysts, however H2 production rates are relatively low.…”