Ammonia and urea excretion rates of juvenile Australian short-finned eel (Anguilla australis australis) as influenced by dietary protein level

Engin, Kenan; Carter, C.G.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00506-8

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…By increasing the dietary level of nonprotein energy-yielding sources (e.g. lipids), energetic needs may be fulfilled by these alternate sources thereby freeing protein for growth (Cho and Kaushik, 1990;Engin and Carter, 2001). This phenomenon has been termed protein sparing and has been demonstrated in many fish species (Reintz et al, 1978;Cho and Kaushik, 1990;Cho, 1992;Lee et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Degree:Master of ~nvironmentai ToxicologyTitle of Project:The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCEI hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesislProjecff Extended EssayThe effects of diet composition and ration on biotransforrnation enzymres and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.Michelle Dayna Morrow (name) ABSTRACTNutritional quality and quantity play significant roles in the amount of energy an animal assimilates and in the distribution of that energy. Furthermore, energy is allocated in a hierarchical fashion beginning with basal metabolism and then successively to other physiological processes depending on other energetic requirements of the animal. To date, little information exists on the effects of diet and ration on the stress response and detoxification system in fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the effects of dietary composition and ration on the biotransformation and stress response systems in juvenile rainbow trout.Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one of three isoenergetic diets varying in protein (35 to 55%) and lipid content (8 to 18%), at full satiation or partial ration for 6 weeks in order to investigate the effects of diet on baseline stress parameters and biotransformation enzyme activity. Growth was highest in fish fed low protein, high lipid diets at both ration levels and was highest overall in fish fed to satiation. Stress indicators, including plasma lactate, glucose and cortisol concentrations were not significantly affected by dietary treatment or ration. Basal biotransformation enzyme activity, including glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase (EROD) activity, were also unaffected by dietary treatment. Fish exposed to the biotransformation enzyme inducer 13-napthoflavone did not exhibit an alteration in stress indicators or GST activity; however, EROD activity was increased (87 to 210-fold) in fish receiving all diets and rations demonstrating the importance of this system even under limited energy intake.The results of the present study indicate that, unlike mammals, fish may be more recalcitrant to different levels of ingestion (above maintenance ration) of isoenergetic ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

show abstract

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The end product of protein metabolism in fish is ammonia and significant nitrogenous waste products (Wood 1993), therefore, measurement of ammonia and urea excretion have been used as indicators of the effects of protein metabolism on the various environmental and nutritional factors and insight into the nitrogen balance of fish (Perera et al 1995). Engin and Carter (2001) reported that excess supply of protein to Australian short-finned eel (Anguilla australis) resulted in significantly daily ammonia and urea-nitrogen excretion. Accumulation of nitrogenous excretory products can cause deterioration of water quality in a recirculating culture system (Engin and Carter 2001) and fish ponds (Yoshida 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engin and Carter (2001) reported that excess supply of protein to Australian short-finned eel (Anguilla australis) resulted in significantly daily ammonia and urea-nitrogen excretion. Accumulation of nitrogenous excretory products can cause deterioration of water quality in a recirculating culture system (Engin and Carter 2001) and fish ponds (Yoshida 2000). Therefore, quantification of dietary protein requirements for fish is of significant importance to reduce or limit water quality deterioration in culture environments from protein related waste product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum dietary protein requirement for Amazonian Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, fed fish meal free diets

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fish meal free diets were formulated to contain graded protein levels as 25% (diet 1), 30% (diet 2), 35% (diet 3) and 40% (diet 4). The diets were fed to tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum) (46.4 ± 6.3g) in randomly designed recirculating systems for 60 days, to determine the optimum protein requirement for the fish. The final weight of the fish, weight gain (28.1, 28.5, 32.2, 28.0g) and specific growth rate increased (P>0.05) consistently with increasing dietary protein up to treatment with 35% protein diet and then showed a declining trend. Feed intake followed the same trend resulting in best feed efficiency (62.5%) in fish fed diet with 35% protein. Similarly, the protein intake increased significantly with increasing dietary protein levels and reduced after the fish fed with 35% protein; while protein efficiency ratio (2.28, 1.99, 1.87, 1.74) decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. Carcass ash and protein had linear relationship with dietary protein levels while the lipid showed a decreasing trend. Ammonia content (0.68, 0.73, 0.81, 1.21 mg L -1 ) of the experimental waters also increased (P<0.05) with increasing protein levels while pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature remained fairly constant without any clear pattern of inclination. Broken-line estimation of the weight gain indicated 30% protein as the optimum requirement for the fish.KEYWORDS: Tambaqui, protein requirement, fish meal free diets Exigência protéica de juvenis de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, alimentados com rações livres de farinha de peixe RESUMOForam formuladas quatro dietas sem a inclusão de farinha de peixes contendo os níveis crescentes de proteína de 25% (dieta 1), 30% (dieta 2), 35% (dieta 3) e 40% (dieta 4). As dietas foram fornecidas a juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (46.4 ± 6.3g) distribuídos ao acaso em um sistema de recirculação durante 60 dias, para determinar o requerimento protéico ótimo para o peixe nesta faixa etária. O peso final dos peixes, o ganho de peso (28.1, 28.5, 32.2, 28.0g) e a taxa de crescimento específico tiveram um aumento não significativo (P>0,05) conforme aumentou o nível protéico das rações até o nível de 35% proteína e então uma tendência ao declínio. O consumo de alimento seguiu a mesma tendência resultando em melhor eficiência alimentar (62.5%) para os peixes alimentados com a dieta contendo 35% de proteína. Similarmente, o consume de proteína aumentou significativamente com o aumento crescente dos níveis protéicos dietários e reduziu após os peixes serem alimentados com a dieta com 35% de proteína, enquanto a taxa de eficiência protéica (2.28, 1.99, 1.87, 1.74) diminuiu com o aumento dos níveis protéicos dietários. A cinza e a proteína da carcaça apresentaram uma relação linear com os níveis protéicos dietários enquanto o lipídio mostrou uma tendência decrescente. O aumento do conteúdo da amônia (0.68, 0.73, 0.81, 1.21 mg L-1) da água dos tanques experimentais com a elevação dos níveis de proteína não foi significativo (P>0,05) enquanto o pH, oxigênio...

show abstract

“…The role of eel AQP3 in the gill is of particular interest since this organ is the site of much osmotically driven fluid exchange, the direction of which clearly depends on the environment. Additionally, the gill is responsible for acid-base regulation, and serves as the major excretory organ for salt and potentially for nitrogenous waste products too (Masoni and Payan, 1974;Engin and Carter, 2001). Thus it is clear that the eel (and other euryhaline teleosts) hormonally regulate AQP expression in novel ways through salt-or osmoregulated transcriptional pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and functional characterization of four aquaporin water channels from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

MacIver

Cutler

Yin

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe European eel is a euryhaline teleost which has been shown to differentially up-and downregulate aquaporin (AQP) water channels in response to changes in environmental salinity. We have characterized the transport properties of four aquaporins localized to osmoregulatory organs -gill, esophagus, intestine and kidney. By sequence comparison these four AQP orthologs resemble human AQP1 (eel AQP1), AQP3 (eel AQP3) and AQP10 (AQPe). The fourth member is a duplicate form of AQP1 (AQP1dup) thought to arise from a duplication of the teleost genome. Using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes we demonstrate that all four eel orthologs transport water and are mercury inhibitable. Eel AQP3 and AQPe also transport urea and glycerol, making them aquaglyceroporins. Eel AQP3 is dramatically inhibited by extracellular acidity (91% and 69% inhibition of water and glycerol transport respectively at pH 6.5) consistent with channel gating by protons. Maximal water flux of eel AQP3 occurred around pH 8.2 -close to the physiological pH of plasma in the eel. Exposure of AQP-expressing oocytes to heavy metals revealed that eel AQP3 is highly sensitive to extracellular nickel and zinc (88.3% and 86.3% inhibition, respectively) but less sensitive to copper (56.4% inhibition). Surprisingly, copper had a stimulatory effect on eel AQP1 (153.7% activity of control). Copper, nickel and zinc did not affect AQP1dup or AQPe. We establish that all four eel AQP orthologs have similar transport profiles to their human counterparts, with eel AQP3 exhibiting some differences in its sensitivity to metals. This is the first investigation of the transport properties and inhibitor sensitivity of salinity-regulated aquaporins from a euryhaline species. Our results indicate a need to further investigate the deleterious effects of metal pollutants on AQP-containing epithelial cells of the gill and gastrointestinal tract at environmentally appropriate concentrations.

show abstract

Ammonia and urea excretion rates of juvenile Australian short-finned eel (Anguilla australis australis) as influenced by dietary protein level

Cited by 74 publications

References 35 publications

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Optimum dietary protein requirement for Amazonian Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, fed fish meal free diets

Expression and functional characterization of four aquaporin water channels from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About