Ammonia and ammonium sulfate in the troposphere over the United Kingdom

Healy, T.V.; McKay, H.A.C.; Pilbeam, A.; Scargill, D.

doi:10.1029/jc075i012p02317

Cited by 72 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ammonia emission data and 615N values from combustion of these fuels in domestic furnaces are given in Table 3. The emission data are in the range of <60 g NH, emissiodmetric ton of coal, given by Healy et al (1970), but far away from calculations of Soderlund and Svensson (1976) of 1.9-5.8 kg NH,/metric ton of coal. The &values correspond to 615N = -9 L for ammonia from coke-oven gas (Bokhoven and Theeuwen, 1966).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Seasonal trends of NH+4 and NO-3 nitrogen isotope composition in rain collected at Jülich, Germany

Freyer

1978

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

136

149

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Data are presented on nitrogen isotope. composition in ammonium and nitrate from rain-water collected over 2 years in an interior area at Jiilich, Germany. The seasonal trends in these data are discussed relative to natural and anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen compounds which additionally have been measured or estimated in their isotope composition, e.g. ammonia from animal urine, fuel combustion, fertilizer use and organic soil nitrogen, and natural and anthropogenic nitric oxides from automobile exhausts as well. The I5N content of Jiilich rain ammonium is found to be different from values of Hoering (1957) and Moore (1974) and from other rain samples collected in coastal areas.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…The NH, emissions (in t NH,/km*. yr) estimated according to a scheme given by Healy et al (1970) range between 0.11-0.42 for fuel combustion, 0-0.46 for NH, and fertilizer factories, 0.13-4.25 for fertilizer use and 0.2 1 4 . 6 9 for animal urine.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Sample Collection Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal trends of NH+4 and NO-3 nitrogen isotope composition in rain collected at Jülich, Germany

Freyer

1978

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

136

149

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“…The importance of animal urea as a source of atmospheric ammonia has been demonstrated in studies of losses from grazed versus ungrazed pastures (Denmead et al 1974) and in calculations of regional (Healy et al 1970) andglobal (S6derlund andSvensson 1976) balances. More refined estimates will be possible with the development of predictive models.…”

Section: Losses From Field Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing ammonia volatilization from urea in soils of the shortgrass steppe

et al. 1988

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The effects of soil moisture, temperature, and humidity treatments on urea hydrolysis and NH 3 volatilization were assessed in the laboratory. Field studies were conducted to determine seasonal NH 3 losses from simulated urine patches applied to contrasting soils of a representative hillslope of the shortgrass steppe region in the North American Great Plains.Losses ofNH3-N were most influenced by soil moisture. The effects of temperature and humidity on total, or temporal, losses of NH 3 were dependent on soil moisture. Losses ranged from 18.5 % under conditions of low-temperature/high-humidity/wet soil to 7.7% under conditions of hightemperature/low-humidity/dry soil. In contrast, urea hydrolysis was not affected by soil moisture.Losses of NH3-N from simulated urine applied to field plots ranged from 1.5% on footslope soils in summer to 14.1% on backslope (midslope) soils in summer, whereas losses were 8.1% on backslope soils in winter. Factors such as soil texture, microbial activity, and plant productivity along a toposequence had larger effects than climatic variables on variation in the volatile losses of NH 3-N from this grassland.

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“…SOderlund and Svensson (1976); assumes 20% deposited on soil surface ). 6 Healy et al (1970). 63 7 Includes cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and 50% of horses and asses; included in Table 15 as NH 3 volatilized from grazed systems and calculated here as check only (see text; also see footnote 10).…”

Section: The West African Nitrogen Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen in West Africa: The Regional Cycle

Robertson¹,

Rosswall²

1986

Ecological Monographs

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We have calculated a nitrogen cycle budget for West Africa south of the northern Sahara that quantifies biologically important pools of nitrogen in the region and major fluxes associated with these pools. Major compartments of our model include noncultivated systems broken down by vegetation zone, successional status, and plant components; annual and perennial crops each broken down by crop species and plant and harvest components; wetlands; anthropic systems; and soils and sediments. Base reference year is 1978. Biological nitrogen fixation and precipitation fluxes dominated nitrogen inputs to West Africa in 1978. Approximately 12 × 109 kg were fixed in noncultivated systems; about half of this was fixed in early successional (0—6 yr) rain forests, and much of the rest in grazed or fallow savanna grasslands and woodlands. Less than 0.7 × 109 kg were fixed in cultivated systems; legumes accounted for ≈25% of this. Total anthropic sources (fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer production, and agricultural commodity imports) were minor (<0.3 × 109 kg). Precipitation inputs to the region were ≈0.4 × 109 kg. Most nitrogen leaving West Africa did so volatilized by fire (≈8.3 × 109 kg), principally in non—cropped systems. Major losses also occurred via hydrologic export to the Atlantic Ocean (1.5 × 109 kg) and via denitrification (1.1 × 109 kg). Total N losses from West Africa exceeded 11.0 × 109 kg. The nitrogen immobilized in growing woody vegetation appeared to have amounted to ≈5.6 × 109 kg. Most was immobilized in forested regions by vegetation regrowth during the fallow phase of the bush fallow crop rotation cycle, the dominant cropping system in West Africa. A very small amount was immobilized by perennial crops such as cacao and rubber. Net immobilization in soil was not estimated; total soil N was assumed to be in steady state for the region as a whole. Our overall budget balances within 1%, despite independent calculations of all major fluxes. The balance portrays a nitrogen cycle dominated by pools and fluxes in noncropped systems. In contrast to N balances in developed regions, direct anthropic fluxes are a minor part of the West Africa cycle. Indirect human influences, however, mainly through effects on vegetation cover, appear to be a major determinant of both the rates at which nitrogen is cycled in West Africa and the relative importance of most pools and fluxes.

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Ammonia and ammonium sulfate in the troposphere over the United Kingdom

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Seasonal trends of NH<sup>+</sup><sub>4</sub> and NO<sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub> nitrogen isotope composition in rain collected at Jülich, Germany

Seasonal trends of NH<sup>+</sup><sub>4</sub> and NO<sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub> nitrogen isotope composition in rain collected at Jülich, Germany

Factors influencing ammonia volatilization from urea in soils of the shortgrass steppe

Nitrogen in West Africa: The Regional Cycle

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