AMMINEITE, CuCl2(NH3)2, A NEW SPECIES CONTAINING AN AMMINE COMPLEX: MINERAL DATA AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

Bojar, Hans-Peter; Walter, Franz; Baumgartner, Judith; Färber, Gunnar

doi:10.3749/canmin.48.5.1359

Cited by 20 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Ammineite (CuCl2(NH3)2) was also detected as an 318 intermediate. It is an unstable compound that when exposed to the atmosphere converts into a copper 319 chloride ( Figure S3) [45].…”

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confidence: 99%

New Insights into Synthetic Copper Greens: The Search for Specific Signatures by Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy for Their Characterization in Medieval Artworks

2019

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A systematic investigation of medieval copper green pigments was carried out based on written sources: 21 manuscripts, dating from 50-70 to 1755 AD, were sourced and 77 recipes were selected, translating into 44 experiments. Reconstructions from medieval recipes were prepared and characterized through a multianalytical approach to disclose the original pigment formulation that is often described as verdigris. Based on the results obtained, we propose three main groups of copper green pigments, group 1, in which only Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ·H 2 O is formed; group 2, where this acetate is found together with copper oxalates; group 3, in which atacamite is present as the major green component or as a signature compound. The products formed are in perfect agreement with that predicted by the state-of-the-art research on the mechanisms of atmospheric corrosion of copper. This knowledge, together with our experience on craft recipes to prepare medieval paint materials, allowed us to recover a lost medieval recipe to produce a copper green pigment based mainly on atacamite, a basic copper chloride, which has been recently detected, by Raman and infrared spectroscopy, in artworks ranging from Catalonia and the Crown of Aragon panel painting to Islamic manuscripts.

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“…Ammineite (CuCl2(NH3)2) was also detected as an 318 intermediate. It is an unstable compound that when exposed to the atmosphere converts into a copper 319 chloride ( Figure S3) [45].…”

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confidence: 99%

New Insights into Synthetic Copper Greens: The Search for Specific Signatures by Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy for Their Characterization in Medieval Artworks

2019

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“…Some details of the geological setting and the history of guano deposits development in the Tarapacá region are published elsewhere (Ericksen 1981;Pankhurst and Herve 2007;Appleton and Nothold 2002;Bojar et al 2010).…”

Section: Occurrence General Appearance and Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pabellón de Pica is the type locality of several N-bearing and organic copper minerals: ammineite, CuCl 2 (NH 3 ) 2 (Bojar et al 2010), joanneumite, Cu(C 3 N 3 O 3 H 2 ) 2 (NH 3 ) 2 (Bojar and Walter 2012), shilovite, Cu(NH 3 ) 4 (NO 3 ) 2 (Chukanov et al 2015a), chanabayaite, Cu 4 (N 3 C 2 H 2 ) 4 (NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 (Cl,OH) 2 · H 2 O (Chukanov et al 2015b), and antipinite, KNa 3 Cu 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 4 (Chukanov et al 2015c). Altered accessory chalcopyrite of the host rock (gabbro) served as a source of Cu for these minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Möhnite, (NH4)K2Na(SO4)2, a new guano mineral from Pabellón de Pica, Chile

et al. 2015

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A b s t r a c t T h e n e w m i n e r a l m ö h n i t e , i d e a l l y (NH 4 )K 2 Na(SO 4 ) 2 , the ammonium analogue of aphthitalite, is found in a guano deposit on the Pabellón de Pica mountain, near Chanabaya, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile. It is associated with salammoniac, halite, joanneumite, natroxalate, nitratine, chanabayaite, and a clay mineral. Möhnite occurs as random aggregates and clusters of brown imperfect bipyramidal or spindle-shaped crystals. The mineral is brittle, with Mohs' hardness of 3; D meas is 2.4(1) g/cm 3 and D calc is 2.461 g/cm 3 . The IR spectrum shows the presence of NH 4 + cations (the bands at 1431, 3076 and 3240 cm −1 ). Möhnite is almost isotropic, optically neutral; ε = ω = 1.505(2). The chemical composition (electron-microprobe data, N determined by gas chromatography of products of ignition, H calculated by stoichiometry, wt%) is: (NH 4 ) 2 O 7.99, Na 2 O 9.49, K 2 O 32.34, SO 3 51.32, total 101.14. The empirical formula is (NH 4 ) 0.95 Na 0.95 K 2.14 S 1.99 O 8 . The crystal structure was solved and refined to R=0.049 based on 241 unique reflections with I>2σ(I). Möhnite is trigonal, space group P 3 m1 , a=5.7402(3) Å, c=7.435(1) Å, V=212.16(4) Å 3 , Z=1. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I,%) (hkl)] are: 4.955 (

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“…The guano deposit situated at the Pabellón de Pica Mountain, 1.5 km south of the Chanabaya village, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile (20°55′S, 70°08′W) is a unique locality among those belonging to the belt of guano occurrences of the Atacama Desert (Ericksen, 1981; Pankhurst and Herve, 2007; Appelton and Nothold, 2002; Bojar et al , 2010). The specific geochemical feature of this deposit is the high content of copper extracted from chalcopyrite, which is an accessory but rather abundant component of the host rock, amphibole gabbro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bojarite, Cu₃(N₃C₂H₂)₃(OH)Cl₂⋅6H₂O, a new mineral species with a microporous metal–organic framework from the guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Iquique Province, Chile

Чуканов

Möhn

Zubkova

et al. 2020

MinMag

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The new triazolate mineral bojarite (IMA2020-037), Cu3(N3C2H2)3(OH)Cl2⋅6H2O, is found in a guano deposit located at the Pabellón de Pica Mountain, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile. Associated minerals are salammoniac, halite, nitratine and belloite. Bojarite occurs as blue fine-grained porous aggregates up to 1 mm × 3 mm × 5 mm combined typically in interrupted earthy crusts. The mineral is brittle. The Mohs hardness is 2. Dcalc = 2.057 g cm–3. The IR and Raman spectra show the presence of the 1,2,4-triazolate anion and H2O molecules. Bojarite is optically isotropic and n = 1.635(2) (λ = 589 nm). The chemical composition (electron-microprobe data for Na, Mg, Fe, Cu and Cl; H, C and N contents measured by gas chromatography on products of ignition at 1200°C; wt.%) is: Na 0.22, Mg 0.74, Fe 0.99, Cu 29.73, Cl 13.62, N 20.4, C 11.6, H 3.3, O (calculated by stoichiometry) 19.93, total 100.53.The empirical formula is (Cu2.68Mg0.17Fe0.10Na0.05)Σ3(N3C2H2)2.755[(OH)][Cl2.19(H2O)3.77(OH)0.04]Σ6⋅2.3H2O. The idealised formula is Cu3(N3C2H2)3(OH)Cl2⋅6H2O. The crystal structure of bojarite was refined based on powder X-ray diffraction data, using the Rietveld method. The final agreement factors are: Rp = 0.0225, Rwp = 0.0310 and Robs = 0.0417. The new mineral is cubic, space group Fd$\bar{3}$c; a = 24.8047(5) Å, V = 15,261.6(5) Å3 and Z = 32. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I,%)(hkl)] are: 8.83 (31)(220), 7.19 (100)(222), 6.23 (35)(400), 5.077 (28)(422), 4.194 (28)(531), 3.584 (23)(444), 2.865 (28)(660, 751) and 2.723 (22)(753, 842).

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AMMINEITE, CuCl2(NH3)2, A NEW SPECIES CONTAINING AN AMMINE COMPLEX: MINERAL DATA AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

New Insights into Synthetic Copper Greens: The Search for Specific Signatures by Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy for Their Characterization in Medieval Artworks

New Insights into Synthetic Copper Greens: The Search for Specific Signatures by Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy for Their Characterization in Medieval Artworks

Möhnite, (NH4)K2Na(SO4)2, a new guano mineral from Pabellón de Pica, Chile

Bojarite, Cu₃(N₃C₂H₂)₃(OH)Cl₂⋅6H₂O, a new mineral species with a microporous metal–organic framework from the guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Iquique Province, Chile

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AMMINEITE, CuCl2(NH3)2, A NEW SPECIES CONTAINING AN AMMINE COMPLEX: MINERAL DATA AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

New Insights into Synthetic Copper Greens: The Search for Specific Signatures by Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy for Their Characterization in Medieval Artworks

New Insights into Synthetic Copper Greens: The Search for Specific Signatures by Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy for Their Characterization in Medieval Artworks

Möhnite, (NH4)K2Na(SO4)2, a new guano mineral from Pabellón de Pica, Chile

Bojarite, Cu3(N3C2H2)3(OH)Cl2⋅6H2O, a new mineral species with a microporous metal–organic framework from the guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Iquique Province, Chile

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Bojarite, Cu₃(N₃C₂H₂)₃(OH)Cl₂⋅6H₂O, a new mineral species with a microporous metal–organic framework from the guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Iquique Province, Chile