Amlodipine reduces blood pressure during dynamic resistance exercise in hypertensive patients

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, amlodipine, on blood pressure (BP) during resistance exercise performed at different intensities in hypertensives. Eleven hypertensives underwent 4 weeks of placebo and amlodipine (random double-blinded crossover design). In each phase, they performed knee extension exercise until exhaustion following three protocols: one set at 100% of 1 RM (repetition maximum), three sets at 80% of 1 RM, and three sets at 40% of 1 RM. Intraarterial BP was measured before and during exercise. Amlodipine reduced maximal systolic/diastolic BP values achieved at all intensities (100% = 225 ± 6/141 ± 3 vs. 207 ± 6/130 ± 6 mmHg; 80% = 289 ± 8/178 ± 5 vs. 273 ± 10/169 ± 6 mmHg; 40% = 289 ± 10/176 ± 8 vs. 271 ± 11/154 ± 6 mmHg). Amlodipine blunted the increase in diastolic BP that occurred during the second and third sets of exercise at 40% of 1RM (+75 ± 6 vs. +61 ± 5 mmHg and +78 ± 7 vs. +64 ± 5 mmHg, respectively). Amlodipine was effective in reducing the absolute values of systolic and diastolic BP during resistance exercise and in preventing the progressive increase in diastolic BP that occurs over sets of low-intensity exercise. These results suggest that systemic vascular resistance is involved in BP increase during resistance exercise, and imply that hypertensives receiving amlodipine are at lower risk of increased BP during resistance exercise than non-medicated patients.

Ursolic Acid-Induced Elevation of Serum Irisin Augments Muscle Strength During Resistance Training in Men

“…Many edible fruits and herbs contain UA, which is a bioactive phyto-constituent [ 20 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] and is also used in anti-obesity herbal medicines [ 21 ]. UA appear to strongly inhibit body fat gain in obese humans and animals [ 26 , 27 ]. Similar to these previous results, we observed significant changes in body fat percentage, but no changes in body weight ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Participants performed the RT program for 8 weeks using free weights and machines under the supervision of a trained instructor, who directed stretching exercises as a warm up to prevent soft tissue injuries and ensure subject safety. The accuracy of a prediction equation to estimate 1 repetition maximum intensity (1RM) until executed to fatigue was evaluated at each exercise session before starting the program [ 27 ]. This RT program consisted of a total of 26 exercise types, with 13 upper-body (chin-up, lateral pull-down, bent over/up-right row, bench press, fly, cable cross-over, shoulder press, lateral raise, biceps curl, concentration curl, barbell elbow extension, and kick back) and 13 lower-body training exercises (squat, leg extension, leg press, sissy squat, leg curl, dead lift, stiff leg dead lift, lunges, back extension, seated/standing calf raise, sit-up, and abdominal crunch) to strengthen the extremities.…”

“…Recently, UA has been demonstrated to have important biological roles including anti-fat accumulation [ 21 ], anti-insulin resistance via IGF-1 [ 6 ], anti-muscle atrophy [ 22 ], anti-cancer [ 23 ], anti-oxidation [ 24 ], and anti-inflammatory effects [ 25 ]. Above all, the underlying mechanism of UA is the enhancement or maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function in vivo and vitro [ 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. However, it is not clear whether increase in skeletal muscle mass is associated with signaling via the same IGF-1-irisin-pathway found to promote skeletal muscle strength in existing clinical studies.…”

Influence of antihypertensive pharmacological treatment on the acute cardiovascular responses to the resistance exercise in hypertensive middle-aged women

“…Souza et al 20 found similar results when they had applied a single session of knee extension protocol until fatigue in individuals of both genders (47±2 years). They compared two groups of hypertensive patients.…”

Blood Pressure Increase in Hypertensive Individuals During Resistance Training Protocols With Equated Work to Rest Ratio

“…Hypertension causes multiple structural and functional cardiovascular changes that modify responses to exercise, producing not only a greater increase of BP during resistance exercise execution, but also a slower recovery during the intervals (Nery et al, 2010); which may distinctly change BP responses to different RTPs. In addition, the use of anti-hypertensive medications also affects BP response to RTPs (Gomides et al, 2010a;Souza et al, 2015;Ash et al, 2017). Thus, the hypothesis that a W:R-equated RTP with an intermediate number of sets and rest intervals may produce a lower BP increase during its execution than the RTP recommended in the hypertensives' guidelines, should be tested.…”