Amitraz Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Permethrin in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Usmani, Amin K.; Abd-Elghafar, Samir F.; Knowles, Charles O.

doi:10.1093/jee/88.6.1580

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With third instars, trans-cypermethrin metabolism occurred at a higher rate than cis-cypermethrin in H. zea and S. frugiperda, and A. ipsilon. These results are in agreement with the studies of Bigley and Plapp (1978) and Usmani et al (1995) that showed that trans-permethin degraded more rapidly in vivo than cis-permethrin in H. zea larvae. With all three species, transcypermethrin metabolism occurred at a higher rate with larvae than with adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, there have been few investigations of their action on pyrethroid pharmacokinetics, with the exceptions of studies of piperonyl butoxide and trans-cypermethrin-14 C in Helithosis virescens (F.) third instars , piperonyl butoxide and trans-and cis-permethrin-C 14 in Periplaneta americana (L.) adults (Holden 1979), DEF and trans-and cis-resmethrin-14 C in Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) adults (Jao and Casida 1974), and amitraz and cis-and trans-permethrin-14 C in Helicoverpa. zea (Boddie) third instars (Usmani et al 1995). In our synergistic studies we found that DEF exhibited the broadest spectrum of synergism among these three synergists in H. zea, S. frugiperda, and A. ipsilon (Usmani and Knowles 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms Associated with Synergism by DEF of Cypermethrin Toxicity in Larval and Adult Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Usmani

Knowles

2001

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Penetration, metabolism, and excretion of radiocarbon were observed after topical treatment of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagle) larvae and adults with cypermethrin-14C. These pharmacokinetic events usually were higher with trans-cypermethrin-14C than with cis-cypermethrin-14C. They also were generally higher with H. zea and S. frugiperda than with A. ipsilon, and they were higher in larvae than in adults. No marked sex differences in the degradation of trans-cypermethrin were apparent. Pretreatment of H. zea, S. frugiperda, and A. ipsilon larvae and adults with S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) 30 min before application of cypermethrin resulted in a perturbation of trans-cypermethrin pharmacokinetics manifested primarily by a lower rate of pyrethroid metabolism as compared with that in the absence of DEF. Appreciably higher internal levels of the toxic parent pyrethroid were often observed in the presence of DEF than in the absence of DEF in most cases. Suppression of cypermethrin penetration and elimination also was usually detected. Inhibition by DEF of the enzymatic degradation of cypermethrin may account for the synergy observed between these two compounds.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms Associated with Synergism by DEF of Cypermethrin Toxicity in Larval and Adult Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Usmani

Knowles

2001

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, despite their unchanged toxicity in the presence of enzyme inhibitors, both thymol and amitraz have the potential to interact with detoxicative enzymes [40], [41] and may interfere with detoxication of other xenobiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, amitraz pre-treatment increased the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate 5-fold. Interactions between formamidines and pyrethroids are known in other insects and may be due to synergism at the target site through cooperative binding [42], or through inhibition of pyrethroid detoxication, through inhibition of P450s or carboxylesterases [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricide, Fungicide and Drug Interactions in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundChemical analysis shows that honey bees (Apis mellifera) and hive products contain many pesticides derived from various sources. The most abundant pesticides are acaricides applied by beekeepers to control Varroa destructor. Beekeepers also apply antimicrobial drugs to control bacterial and microsporidial diseases. Fungicides may enter the hive when applied to nearby flowering crops. Acaricides, antimicrobial drugs and fungicides are not highly toxic to bees alone, but in combination there is potential for heightened toxicity due to interactive effects.Methodology/Principal FindingsLaboratory bioassays based on mortality rates in adult worker bees demonstrated interactive effects among acaricides, as well as between acaricides and antimicrobial drugs and between acaricides and fungicides. Toxicity of the acaricide tau-fluvalinate increased in combination with other acaricides and most other compounds tested (15 of 17) while amitraz toxicity was mostly unchanged (1 of 15). The sterol biosynthesis inhibiting (SBI) fungicide prochloraz elevated the toxicity of the acaricides tau-fluvalinate, coumaphos and fenpyroximate, likely through inhibition of detoxicative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity. Four other SBI fungicides increased the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate in a dose-dependent manner, although possible evidence of P450 induction was observed at the lowest fungicide doses. Non-transitive interactions between some acaricides were observed. Sublethal amitraz pre-treatment increased the toxicity of the three P450-detoxified acaricides, but amitraz toxicity was not changed by sublethal treatment with the same three acaricides. A two-fold change in the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate was observed between years, suggesting a possible change in the genetic composition of the bees tested.Conclusions/SignificanceInteractions with acaricides in honey bees are similar to drug interactions in other animals in that P450-mediated detoxication appears to play an important role. Evidence of non-transivity, year-to-year variation and induction of detoxication enzymes indicates that pesticide interactions in bees may be as complex as drug interactions in mammals.

show abstract

“…Amitraz, recognized initially as an acaricide and insect ovolarvicide, was subsequently shown to act also as a synergist of certain insecticides, including pyrethroids (Knowles 1982); however, its mode of synergistic action is not well understood. Evidence indicates that amitraz, by acting directly and/or indirectly through one or more of its metabolites, may interfere with insecticide metabolism by inhibiting some esterases and oxidases (Usmani et al 1995), as well as by interfering with certain insecticide-target interactions Plapp 1990, 1992;Church et al 1993 closely related analog permethrin, and to study the effects of the synergists piperonyl butoxide, S,S,S-trin-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), and amitraz on cypermethrin toxicity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Pyrethroids and Effect of Synergists to Larval and Adult Helicoverpa zea, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Agrotis ipsilon(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Usmani

Knowles

2001

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Based on 48 h LD50 estimates from topical bioassays, cypermethrin was more toxic than permethrin to Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) larvae and adults; however, the two pyrethroids did not differ significantly in their relative toxicities to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagle). Larvae of each species generally were more susceptible to cypermethrin and permethrin than respective adults. The only exception to this generalization occurred with H. zea where slight overlap of the 95% confidence intervals with larvae and adult males was observed with cypermethrin. Respective males and females of the three species usually did not differ significantly in their susceptibility to either cypermethrin or to permethrin; however, with A. ipsilon, females were more susceptible to permethrin than to cypermethrin. Several instances of greater than additive toxicity were noted when insects were treated with piperonyl butoxide, S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), or amitraz 30 min before cypermethrin. DEF exhibited the broadest spectrum of synergistic activity.

show abstract

Amitraz Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Permethrin in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms Associated with Synergism by DEF of Cypermethrin Toxicity in Larval and Adult <I>Helicoverpa zea</I>, <I>Spodoptera frugiperda</I>, and <I>Agrotis ipsilon</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms Associated with Synergism by DEF of Cypermethrin Toxicity in Larval and Adult <I>Helicoverpa zea</I>, <I>Spodoptera frugiperda</I>, and <I>Agrotis ipsilon</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Acaricide, Fungicide and Drug Interactions in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

Toxicity of Pyrethroids and Effect of Synergists to Larval and Adult <I>Helicoverpa zea</I>, <I>Spodoptera frugiperda</I>, and <I>Agrotis ipsilon</I>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About