Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis

Abstract

Taking the TBR into consideration, 99m-STS proved a very useful tool for distinguishing AIT-1 from AIT-2, and thus offering patients appropriate treatment as of their diagnosis. This approach can avoid pointless and potentially dangerous combined overtreatments, and may speed up the return to normal thyroid function, which is crucial in AIT patients suffering from heart disease.

The Use of 99mTc-Methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestaMIBI) Uptake on Scintigraphy (99m-STS) in Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis: Case Series and Review of the Literature

“…Mixed/AIT-1 was diagnosed if the scan had a normal or slightly lower uptake than in AIT-1 in the early images and only a partial washout in the late images. Mixed/AIT-2 was diagnosed if the scan showed a slightly higher uptake than in AIT-2 in the early images and partial or complete washout in the late ones [8,17]. However, none of our patients had a mixed pattern.…”

“…-STS Increased uptake in the thyroid in the initial images followed by washout in the delayed images Absent uptake in the thyroid in the initial and delayed images Case Reports in Endocrinology comparison to the conventional methods used for the diagnosis of AIT. Additionally, Tc-99m is much safer than the gamma and beta emitter I 131 used in RAIU scintigraphy [8]. AIT-2 is usually a self-limited disease, and patients become euthyroid in 3-5 months.…”

“…Mixed AIT also called AIT type 3 (AIT-3) has been described in the literature when the cases do not have a typical presentation. Some authors further divided the mixed AIT-3 form into mixed AIT/type 1 and mixed AIT/type 2 [7,8]. In order to differentiate different types of AIT, various clinical, biochemical, and radiological tools have been proposed.…”

“…In 2015, Pattison et al described 15 patients in Australia, and in 2017, Wang and Zhang described 15 patients in China where they used 99m -STS [18,19]. In 2018, Censi et al used 99m -STS with target to background ratio (TBR) on 30 patients with AIT in Italy and suggested that 99m -STS has 100% specificity and 91.7% sensitivity in differentiating different types of AIT [8]. We present a case series describing 5 patients presenting to the University of Arizona with AIT where we used 99m -STS to assess in diagnosis and treatment of different types of AIT followed by a review of the literature.…”

Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type 2: predictors and treatment options

“…Отличительные признаки амиодарон-индуцированного тиреотоксикоза 1-го и 2-го типа (Привод. по [6], в модификации авторов) [44,45]. Отличительные признаки АмИТ1 и АмИТ2 приведены в таблице [6].…”