Aminoindanes—the next wave of ‘legal highs’?

Sainsbury, P. D.; Kicman, Andrew T.; Archer, Roland; King, Leslie A.; Braithwaite, R. A.

doi:10.1002/dta.318

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Internet products included three of the most popular aminoindane substances, 2-AI, 5-IAI and MDAI. [45] Aminoindanes are amphetamine analogues and have been shown to be potent serotonin-releasing substances. [45] The GC-MS results indicated that 11 out of the 12 products did contain an aminoindane, [20,46] while only nine products contained the aminoindane reported on the label claim.…”

Section: Aminoindanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[45] Aminoindanes are amphetamine analogues and have been shown to be potent serotonin-releasing substances. [45] The GC-MS results indicated that 11 out of the 12 products did contain an aminoindane, [20,46] while only nine products contained the aminoindane reported on the label claim. When using the standard 785 nm laser, only four of the NPS products (i.e., P6, 8, 9 and 12) correlated to an aminoindane substance using the algorithm.…”

Section: Aminoindanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) using handheld Raman spectroscopy employing both 785 and 1064 nm laser sources

Guirguis

Girotto

Berti

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

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The chemical identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the field is challenging due not only to the plethora of substances available, but also as a result of the chemical complexity of products and the chemical similarity of NPS analogues. In this study, handheld Raman spectroscopy and the use of two excitation wavelengths, 785 and 1064 nm, were evaluated for the identification of 60 NPS products. The products contained a range of NPS from classes including the aminoindanes, arylalkylamines, benzodiazepines, and piperidines & pyrrolidines. Identification was initially assessed using the instruments' in built algorithm (i.e., % HQI) and then further by visual inspection of the Raman spectra. Confirmatory analysis was preformed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. For the 60 diverse products, an NPS was successfully identified via the algorithm in 11 products (18 %) using the 785 nm source and 29 products (48 %) using the 1064 nm source. Evaluation of the Raman spectra showed that increasing the excitation wavelength from 785 to 1064 nm improved this 'first pass' identification primarily due to a significant reduction in fluorescence, which increased S/N of the characteristic peaks of the substance identified. True positive correlations between internet products and NPS signatures ranged from 57.0 to 91.3 % HQI with typical RSDs < 10 %. Tablet formulations and branded products were particularly challenging as a result of low NPS concentration and high chemical complexity, respectively. This study demonstrates the advantage of using a 1064 nm source with handheld Raman spectroscopy for improved 'first pass' NPS identification when minimal spectral processing is required, such as when working in field. Future investigations will focus on the use of mixture algorithms, effect of NPS concentration, and further improvement of spectral libraries.

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Section: Aminoindanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aminoindanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) using handheld Raman spectroscopy employing both 785 and 1064 nm laser sources

Guirguis

Girotto

Berti

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The aim of the present study was to describe the effects on monoamine uptake and release of novel psychoactive substances that are not cathinones, but have been introduced into the illicit drug market as "legal highs" to typically mimic the subjective effects of MDMA or amphetamine-type stimulants. Aminoindanes, such as 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI) and 5-iodoaminoindane (5-IAI), became increasingly available over the Internet starting in 2010 as legal and, in the case of MDAI, allegedly less-neurotoxic alternatives to MDMA [11][12][13]. Piperazines have been used for more than a decade [14] and are commonly found in Ecstasy pills as substitutes for MDMA [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives

Simmler

Rickli

Schramm

et al. 2014

Biochemical Pharmacology

108

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Aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives are novel psychoactive substances found in "Ecstasy" tablets as replacements for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or substances sold as "ivory wave." The pharmacology of these MDMA-and methylphenidate-like substances is poorly known. We characterized the pharmacology of the aminoindanes 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI), 5-iodoaminoindane (5-IAI), and 2-aminoindane (2-AI), the piperazines meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), and 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), and the BZP, D2PM, and 2-DPMP lacked serotonergic activity and TAAR 1 binding, in contrast to the aminoindanes and phenylpiperazines. In summary, all of the substances were monoamine transporter inhibitors, but marked differences were found in their 3 DAT vs. SERT inhibition profiles, release properties, and receptor interactions. The pharmacological profiles of D2PM and 2-DPMP likely predict a high abuse liability.

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“…Recreational use of hallucinogens has favoured the spread of increasingly more powerful and legal molecules capable of satisfying the needs of the users [35]. In particular, the use of internet as a potential source of information on drugs of abuse [36] resulted in the use of several research chemicals as recreational drugs in place of traditional and illicit substances [1,[37][38][39][40][41][42]. BDF is a research chemical synthesized in 1998 to investigate CNS serotonin receptor structure and activity [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromo-DragonFly: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology of a Benzodifuran Derivative Producing LSD-Like Effects

Coppola¹,

Mondola²

2012

J Addict Res Ther

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Bromo-DragonFly is a potent and long-acting psychedelic drug producing both LSD-like effects and amphetamine activation. This drug appeared within the recreational drug market in the early 2000s, since then, many cases of severe intoxication and fatalities related with its consumption have been signalled in some countries. The aim of this paper is to summarize the clinical, pharmacological and toxicological information currently available about this new and dangerous hallucinogenic substance of abuse. Citation: Coppola M, Mondola R (2012) Bromo-DragonFly: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology of a Benzodifuran Derivative Producing LSD-Like Effects. J Addict Res Ther 3:133.

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Aminoindanes—the next wave of ‘legal highs’?

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) using handheld Raman spectroscopy employing both 785 and 1064 nm laser sources

Identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) using handheld Raman spectroscopy employing both 785 and 1064 nm laser sources

Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives

Bromo-DragonFly: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology of a Benzodifuran Derivative Producing LSD-Like Effects

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