AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE GENES IN Pseudomonas aeruginosa ISOLATES FROM CUMANA, VENEZUELA

Abstract

The enzymatic modification of aminoglycosides by aminoglycoside-acetyltransferases (AAC), aminoglycoside-adenyltransferases (AAD), and aminoglycoside-phosphotransferases (APH), is the most common resistance mechanism in P. aeruginosa and these enzymes can be coded on mobile genetic elements that contribute to their dispersion. One hundred and thirty seven P. aeruginosa isolates from the University Hospital, Cumana, Venezuela (HUAPA) were evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method and theaac, aadB and aph genes were detected by PCR. Most of the P. aeruginosa isolates (33/137) were identified from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), mainly from discharges (96/137). The frequency of resistant P. aeruginosaisolates was found to be higher for the aminoglycosides tobramycin and amikacin (30.7 and 29.9%, respectively). Phenotype VI, resistant to these antibiotics, was the most frequent (14/49), followed by phenotype I, resistant to all the aminoglycosides tested (12/49). The aac(6´)-Ib,aphA1 and aadB genes were the most frequently detected, and the simultaneous presence of several resistance genes in the same isolate was demonstrated. Aminoglycoside resistance in isolates ofP. aeruginosa at the HUAPA is partly due to the presence of the aac(6´)-Ib, aphA1 andaadB genes, but the high rates of antimicrobial resistance suggest the existence of several mechanisms acting together. This is the first report of aminoglycoside resistance genes in Venezuela and one of the few in Latin America.

Cell-wall recycling and synthesis in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa – their role in the development of resistance

“…Aminoglycoside resistance can also be conferred by drug-modifying enzymes such as aminoglycoside acetyl-, nucleotidyl-and phospho-transferases [251][252][253][254][255]. Mutations in aac, aphA1 and aadB that encode the aminoglycoside modifying genes have been identified in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates [256][257][258].…”

A Clinical Debate concerning Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes among Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains

“…Nosocomial infection is a trending worldwide concern, which interrupts hospitalized patients' recovering process while posing higher mortality risk (1,2). Microbiological studies done in both developed and developing countries claim that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent nosocomial strain (1,3,4).…”

“…Nosocomial infection is a trending worldwide concern, which interrupts hospitalized patients' recovering process while posing higher mortality risk (1,2). Microbiological studies done in both developed and developing countries claim that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent nosocomial strain (1,3,4). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacillus which infects mostly ICU patients, burn victims, VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia), and chronic pulmonary disease patients such as those with cystic fibrosis (1,5).…”

“…Microbiological studies done in both developed and developing countries claim that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent nosocomial strain (1,3,4). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacillus which infects mostly ICU patients, burn victims, VAP (ventilator associated pneumonia), and chronic pulmonary disease patients such as those with cystic fibrosis (1,5). Actually, it is a hospital-acquired infection, which mostly presents itself as a urinary tract infection, endocarditis, bacteremia, and sepsis (2,4).…”

Genome-wide antibiotic resistance and virulence profiling of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples in Lebanon

“…These modifying enzymes spread by mobile genetic elements (Teixeira et al, 2016). Two isolates, PA59 and PA132, which were typed as ST-235 (serotype O11; complex B), were aminoglycoside resistant.…”