Amino sugar determination in organic soils by capillary gas chromatography using a nitrogen‐selective detector

Kögel, Ingrid; Bochter, R.

doi:10.1002/jpln.19851480306

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In spiked soil samples, the average recoveries were very similar to those of pure standards after 8 h hydrolysis, but the recoveries after 18 h were much lower. This is in agreement with Kiigel and Bochter (1985). It is thought to be caused by irreversible reactions of amino sugars with phenolic functional groups of SOM during hydrolysis (Bondietti et al, 1972).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Their concentrations in soils can provide a clue to the microbial contribution to soil organic matter (SOM) turnover (Benzing-Purdie, 198 1, 1984). Usually glucosamine and galactosamine are quantified in soils (Benzing-Purdie, 198 1) and the ratio of glucosamineto-galactosamine was used to indicate the relative contribution of fungi to SOM turnover and accumulation in organic forest soil horizons (Kiigel and Bochter, 1985). Interest in muramic acid is rising because it uniquely originates from bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gas chromatographic determination of muramic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils

Zhang

Amelung

1996

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

518

232

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Section: Evaluation Of the Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatographic determination of muramic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils

Zhang

Amelung

1996

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

518

232

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“…MurA and Glu have particular microbial origins, with MurA originating exclusively from bacteria and Glu derived primarily from the chitin in fungal cell walls (Parsons 1981;Chantigny et al 1997;Zhang et al 1998). Therefore, the Glu and MurA ratio can be used as a qualitative indicator for changes in the composition of the decomposer communities and the contribution of fungal and bacterial residues to SOM build-up (Kögel and Bochter 1985;Zhang et al 1998Zhang et al , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Amino sugars (AS) are routinely used as microbial biomarkers to investigate C and N sequestration in microbial residues, and they are also involved in microbial-mediated soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and sequestration (Kögel and Bochter 1985;Zhang et al 1998;Amelung et al 2001). This is because plants do not synthesize amino sugars in significant quantities whereas soil amino sugars are mainly derived from fungi and bacteria (Parsons 1981;Stevenson 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of soil amino sugar pools during decomposition processes of corn residues as affected by inorganic N addition

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2009

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose Identifying the impact of inorganic-nitrogen (N) availability on soil amino sugar dynamics during corn (Zea mays L.) residue decomposition may advance our knowledge of microbial carbon (C) and N transformations and the factors controlling these processes in soils. Amino sugars are routinely used as microbial biomarkers to investigate C and N sequestration in microbial residues, and they are also involved in microbial-mediated soil organic matter (SOM) turnover. We conducted a 38-week incubation study using a Mollisol which was amended with corn residues and four levels of inorganic N (i.e., 0, 60.3, 167.2, and 701.9 mg N kg −1 soil). The objective of this study was to examine the effects of inorganic-N availability on fungal and bacterial formation and stabilization of heterogeneous amino sugars during the corn residue decomposition in soil. Materials and methods The surface soil (0-20 cm) used for the experiment was taken from a site in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province of China (43°30′N, 124°48′E). The sampled soils were air-dried, mixed, and passed through a 2-mm sieve.The incubation experiments were carried out at 25°C, and soil moisture was maintained at 20% gravimetric moisture content by regularly weighing the plastic containers and adding water to the plastic containers during the incubation if necessary. The incubation was destructively sampled at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 28, and 38 of the incubation. The whole samples were air-dried, ground (<0.25 mm), and analyzed for amino sugar composition and concentration. Amino sugars (D-glucosamine, D-galactosamine, D-muramic acid, and D-mannosamine) were determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) after their conversion to aldonitrile acetates (Zhang and Amelung 1996). Results and discussion Soil amino sugar contents and their contribution to SOM accumulation were significantly enhanced by the incorporation of corn residues, and amino sugar concentration maxima were observed during the 38-weekincubation course. Inorganic nitrogen significantly affected the accumulation of amino sugars during the decomposition of corn residues which had a high C/N ratio. It was found that more amino sugars were accumulated with higher inorganic N addition rates. However, when very high N application rates were evaluated, excess inorganic N in soil could not be taken up by microorganisms and some remained as inorganic N in the soil at the end of the incubation. Moreover, the dynamics of the individual amino sugars were different in response to the level of applied inorganic N. Muramic acid, a constituent of bacterial cell walls, was more sensitive to inorganic N supply and showed a faster turnover rate, while glucosamine, a constituent of fungal cell walls, was less sensitive to inorganic N supply. Glucosamine accumulated during the decay process of corn residues, and it was eventually stabilized in the soil. Conclusions When corn residues were decomposing, individual amino sugar pools were affected by inorganic N addition. Bacterial cell-wall residues played an important

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“…However, care must be used with MurA, as this amino sugar contrasts with the hexosamines (such as GluN) in that it is stabilized only when bound in soil and thus has a lower inherent resistance to microbial degradation . Galactosamine (GalN) is another signiWcant amino sugar that is largely conWned to bacterial production and accordingly the ratio of GluN/GalN is often used to indicate the relative contribution of fungal residues to SOM (Parsons 1981;Kögel and Bochter 1985;Amelung et al 1999;Solomon et al 2001). Finally, mannosamine (ManN) is extracted and quantiWed during amino sugar analysis, but is only used in total amino sugar counts, as its origin (bacterial or fungal) is uncertain (Coelho et al 1997;Amelung 2001;Liang et al 2007c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical distribution and pools of microbial residues in tropical forest soils formed from distinct parent materials

et al. 2008

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The contribution of soil microbial residues to stable carbon pools may be of particular importance in the tropics where carbon residence times are short and any available carbon is rapidly utilized. In this study we investigated the vertical distribution of microbiallyderived amino sugars in two tropical forests on contrasting meta-sedimentary and serpentinite parent materials in the lowlands of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. Despite their similar climate, vegetative cover, and general microbial community structure, the two soils were chemically and physically distinct. We found that both parent material and depth signiWcantly inXuenced the pool sizes of microbial residues in the two soils. In particular, the soil derived from sedimentary parent material had greater amino sugar contents, glucosamine to galactosamine ratios, and percentage of total soil carbon that is amino sugar derived, than the soil derived from serpentinite substrate. We speculate that residue stabilization was linked to soil iron oxide content, with signiWcant diVerence in amino sugars contribution to total soil carbon at depth in the serpentinite-derived soil versus that derived from sedimentary parent material. Based on observed patterns of amino sugar content and relative abundance we suggest that near the surface of both soils vegetation and litter input determines the composition and quantity of microbial residues. With increasing depth the inXuence of vegetation declines and production and stabilization of microbial amino sugars becomes driven by soil matrix characteristics. These diVerences in stabilization mechanism and carbon dynamics with depth may be particularly critical in deep weathered tropical soils.

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Amino sugar determination in organic soils by capillary gas chromatography using a nitrogen‐selective detector

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Gas chromatographic determination of muramic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils

Gas chromatographic determination of muramic acid, glucosamine, mannosamine, and galactosamine in soils

Dynamics of soil amino sugar pools during decomposition processes of corn residues as affected by inorganic N addition

Vertical distribution and pools of microbial residues in tropical forest soils formed from distinct parent materials

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