Amino acids of the murchison meteorite:

Cronin, John R.; Gandy, W. E.; Pizzarello, Sandra

doi:10.1007/bf01795748

Cited by 59 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…c n.d. = not determined. Our results for Murchison match those obtained using other extraction and analytical techniques (Cronin and Pizzarello 1983). As the data show, we were able to identify all the amino acids that are rare or absent in the biosphere and considered to be extraterrestrial, such as 2-amino-2-ethyl butyric acid, 2-amino-2,3-dimethyl butyric acid, pseudoleucine, 2-methyl norvaline, and β-alanine, as well as AIB and isovaline (Cronin et al 1981).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This finding suggests that the water extraction of amino acids at 100 °C is more complete, as previously proposed (Cronin and Pizzarello 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…When the presence of salts resulted in ambiguous identification of amino acids, we did not report the results in the tables. Kvenvolden et al 1970;Pereira et al 1975;Cronin et al 1979a;Cronin and Pizzarello 1983;Peltzer et al 1984;Engel et al 1990;Engel and Macko 1997. b nmol/g = nanomol of amino acid per gram of meteorite. c n.d. = not determined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the α-dialkyl amino acids react more slowly with the fluorescent reagent (Cronin et al 1979a), higher temperature derivatization reactions produce a marked increase in peak height, which is specific to these amino acids. This two-temperature method has frequently been used to unequivocally identify meteoritic amino acids (Cronin et al 1979a(Cronin et al , 1979bCronin and Pizzarello 1983). The analytical technique used in the present study does not allow the separation of L-and D-enantiomers.…”

Section: Amino Acid Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also several amino acids that are extremely rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites. For example, α-amino isobutyric acid (AIB) and isovaline (2-amino-2-methylbutyric acid) are the most abundant non-protein amino acids in the Murchison and Murray carbonaceous chondrites (Cronin and Moore 1971;Cronin and Pizzarello 1983), and for this reason they are often considered to be "extraterrestrial" amino acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration and variability of the AIB amino acid in polar micrometeorites: Implications for the exogenous delivery of amino acids to the primitive Earth

Matrajt

Pizzarello

Taylor

et al. 2004

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract-Micrometeorites (MMs) are extraterrestrial particles ranging in size from 25 µm to 2 mm that survive atmospheric entry and are collected on the Earth's surface. They represent the largest mass flux (MF) of extraterrestrial material (30,000 ± 20,000 t/yr) to the present-day Earth. Studies of large collections of MMs suggest that about 20% have not been heated to high temperatures and that they contain organic carbon. Since non-protein amino acids have been found in some carbonaceous meteorites, they might also be found in unmelted MMs. However, previous searches for amino acids in MMs were inconclusive. We combined a new extraction method for amino acids with a highly sensitive analytical method to detect and quantitate amino acids in MMs collected at the South Pole. We found the non-protein amino acid α-amino isobutyric acid (AIB) in one of our samples. The nondetection of this amino acid in the other samples analyzed suggests that there are amino acidcontaining and amino acid-free MMs, with ∼14% of the MMs containing AIB. Since the MF of MMs is much higher than that of carbonaceous chondrites (CMs), amino acids in these small particles would represent an important source of exogenous delivery of organic molecules. Therefore, the results are discussed on the basis of their implications for astrobiology.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This finding suggests that the water extraction of amino acids at 100 °C is more complete, as previously proposed (Cronin and Pizzarello 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amino Acid Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration and variability of the AIB amino acid in polar micrometeorites: Implications for the exogenous delivery of amino acids to the primitive Earth

Matrajt

Pizzarello

Taylor

et al. 2004

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Synthesis of amino acid precursors from simulated interstellar media by high‐energy particles or photons

Kobayashi¹,

Ogawa²,

Tonishi³

et al. 2008

Elect Comm in Japan

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SUMMARYExtraterrestrial organic compounds have been considered as important sources for the origin of life on the Earth. In order to study the formation of organic compounds found in extraterrestrial bodies, simulated interstellar media were irradiated with high-energy particles or photons. Particles used were protons from a Van de Graaff accelerator, protons and helium ions from a cyclotron, electrons from a synchrotron, and heavy ions from the "HIMAC" heavy ion accelerator. Photons used were UV light and soft X-rays from a synchrotron. Gamma-ray irradiation was performed by using a 60 Co source. Amino acid precursors were formed from a mixture of carbon monoxide (or methodanol), ammonia (or nitrogen), and water by high-energy particles, gamma rays, or X-rays. If nitrogen molecule was used as N-source, amino acid precursors could be formed by high-energy particles, X-rays and gamma rays, but not by UV light. When ammonia was used, amino acid precursors were detected in all cases, but energy yields (G-values) of amino acid precursors by high-energy particles were much higher than those by UV or X-rays photons. Possible formation of amino acid precursors in interstellar environments was discussed from the point of view of chemical evolution toward origins of life.

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Racemization of Meteoritic Amino Acids

Cohen

Chyba

2000

Icarus

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Amino acids of the murchison meteorite:

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Concentration and variability of the AIB amino acid in polar micrometeorites: Implications for the exogenous delivery of amino acids to the primitive Earth

Concentration and variability of the AIB amino acid in polar micrometeorites: Implications for the exogenous delivery of amino acids to the primitive Earth

Synthesis of amino acid precursors from simulated interstellar media by high‐energy particles or photons

Racemization of Meteoritic Amino Acids

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