Abstract:aIn this review, the protein-DNA interactions are discussed considering different perspectives, and the biological occurrence of this interaction is explained at atomic level. The evaluation of the amino acid-nucleotide recognition has been investigated analysing datasets for predicting the association preferences and the geometry that favours the interaction.Based on this knowledge, an affinity chromatographic method was developed also exploiting this biological favoured contact. In fact, the implementation o… Show more
“…There have been many previous attempts to determine these relative affinities using crystallographic analyses (see, for example, Sousa et al 65 for a review), so the three data-sets that we have chosen (Table 4) only provide a representative comparison rather than a comprehensive one. It is clear, however, that in terms of the preferences exhibited by amino acid sidechains for the four DNA bases, there is little agreement with the existing data-sets (Table 4).…”
Given the ubiquitous nature of protein-DNA interactions, it is important to understand the interaction thermodynamics of individual amino acid sidechains for DNA. One way to assess these preferences is to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here we report MD simulations of twenty amino acid sidechain analogs interacting simultaneously with both a 70-base pair double-stranded DNA and with a 70-nucleotide single-stranded DNA. The relative preferences of the amino acid sidechains for dsDNA and ssDNA match well with values deduced from crystallographic analyses of protein-DNA complexes. The estimated apparent free energies of interaction for ssDNA, on the other hand, correlate well with previous simulation values reported for interactions with isolated nucleobases, and with experimental values reported for interactions with guanosine. Comparisons of the interactions with dsDNA and ssDNA indicate that, with the exception of the positively charged sidechains, all types of amino acid sidechain interact more favorably with ssDNA, with intercalation of aromatic and aliphatic sidechains being especially notable. Analysis of the data on a base-by-base basis indicates that positively charged sidechains, as well as sodium ions, preferentially bind to cytosine in ssDNA, and that negatively charged sidechains, and chloride ions, preferentially bind to guanine in ssDNA. These latter observations provide a novel explanation for the lower salt-dependence of DNA duplex stability in GC-rich sequences relative to AT-rich sequences.
“…There have been many previous attempts to determine these relative affinities using crystallographic analyses (see, for example, Sousa et al 65 for a review), so the three data-sets that we have chosen (Table 4) only provide a representative comparison rather than a comprehensive one. It is clear, however, that in terms of the preferences exhibited by amino acid sidechains for the four DNA bases, there is little agreement with the existing data-sets (Table 4).…”
Given the ubiquitous nature of protein-DNA interactions, it is important to understand the interaction thermodynamics of individual amino acid sidechains for DNA. One way to assess these preferences is to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here we report MD simulations of twenty amino acid sidechain analogs interacting simultaneously with both a 70-base pair double-stranded DNA and with a 70-nucleotide single-stranded DNA. The relative preferences of the amino acid sidechains for dsDNA and ssDNA match well with values deduced from crystallographic analyses of protein-DNA complexes. The estimated apparent free energies of interaction for ssDNA, on the other hand, correlate well with previous simulation values reported for interactions with isolated nucleobases, and with experimental values reported for interactions with guanosine. Comparisons of the interactions with dsDNA and ssDNA indicate that, with the exception of the positively charged sidechains, all types of amino acid sidechain interact more favorably with ssDNA, with intercalation of aromatic and aliphatic sidechains being especially notable. Analysis of the data on a base-by-base basis indicates that positively charged sidechains, as well as sodium ions, preferentially bind to cytosine in ssDNA, and that negatively charged sidechains, and chloride ions, preferentially bind to guanine in ssDNA. These latter observations provide a novel explanation for the lower salt-dependence of DNA duplex stability in GC-rich sequences relative to AT-rich sequences.
“…The selection of affinity matrices with amino acids ligands was mainly supported by the natural occurrence of protein-DNA complexes in biological systems [18] and because some atomic evidences suggested the existence of favored interactions between particular amino acids and nucleic acids bases [19][20][21]. Recently, several amino acids, such as histidine [22,23] and arginine [24,25] have been tested as affinity ligands in agarose chromatographic supports to specifically purify sc pDNA from a clarified E. coli lysate.…”
“…7–10 Most protein-DNA interactions involve the DNA backbone, and are not specific to a particular DNA sequence. 7,9 Arginine, a positively charged polar amino acid, contains a guanidinium group on its side-chain that readily interacts with the negatively charged DNA backbone. 7,9 Glutamate and aspartate, two negatively charged amino acids, form significantly fewer interactions with DNA than expected based on random docking, presumably due to unfavorable electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate backbone.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…7,9 Positively charged amino acids covalently conjugated to chromatography resin have been used to purify plasmid DNA through a combination of ion exchange and affinity chromatography. 9,11 …”
Solid phase extraction and purification of DNA from complex samples typically requires chaotropic salts that can inhibit downstream polymerase amplification if carried into the elution buffer. Amino acid buffers may serve as a more compatible alternative for modulating the interaction between DNA and silica surfaces. We characterized DNA binding to silica surfaces, facilitated by representative amino acid buffers, and the subsequent elution of DNA from the silica surfaces. Through bulk depletion experiments, we found that more DNA adsorbs to silica particles out of positively compared to negatively charged amino acid buffers. Additionally, the type of the silica surface greatly influences the amount of DNA adsorbed, and the final elution yield. Quartz crystal microbalance experiments with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) revealed multiphasic DNA adsorption out of stronger adsorbing conditions such as arginine, glycine, and glutamine, with DNA more rigidly bound during the early stages of the adsorption process. The DNA film adsorbed out of glutamate was more flexible and uniform throughout the adsorption process. QCM-D characterization of DNA elution from the silica surface indicates an uptake in water mass during the initial stage of DNA elution for the stronger adsorbing conditions, which suggests that for these conditions the DNA film is partly dehydrated during the prior adsorption process. Overall, several positively charged and polar neutral amino acid buffers show promise as an alternative to methods based on chaotropic salts for solid phase DNA extraction.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.